In breast cancer diagnosis, tumoral and non-tumoral breast lesions differentiation is a challenge. We investigate the feasibility of continuous-wave back reflection diffuse optical tomography (rDOT) in differentiation tumoral and non-tumoral breast lesions to solve this problem. Modified Beer–Lambert Law and Rytov solution of diffusion approximation of the radiative energy transfer equation were used together in a continuous wave rDOT system for the near-infrared imaging the breast with a lesion. The rDOT data were acquired from 15 lesions in 12 patients with a palpable lump after standard clinical examination with mammography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography (US). Also, the measurements symmetrically from the other breast's counterpart were used as a functional imaging base. Histopathological examination revealed the tumor distribution as five invasive ductal carcinomas, one lobular carcinoma, one sclerosing adenosis, and one papilloma. The remaining seven lesions (one hamartoma, one postoperative scar tissue, two cysts, two islands of fibroglandular tissue, and one mastitis) were classified as non-tumoral breast lesions. They were diagnosed based on clinical, US, mammography, or MRI findings. Tumoral lesions presented a contrast in rDOT tomographic images, whereas non-tumoral lesions such as hamartoma and cysts did not show any difference except mastitis. In mastitis cases, rDOT showed higher contrast similar to tumoral lesions. After antibiotic treatment, the mastitis area had no high contrast when compared with the healthy breast tissue. We have demonstrated that the rDOT system can differentiate between actual breast tumors from non-tumoral breast lesions such as cyst, the island of fibroglandular tissue, or hamartoma.

中文翻译：

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使用背反射漫射光学断层扫描区分肿瘤性和非肿瘤性乳腺病变：一项初步临床研究

在乳腺癌诊断中，肿瘤和非肿瘤乳腺病变的区分是一个挑战。我们研究了连续波背反射漫反射光学断层扫描 (rDOT) 在分化肿瘤和非肿瘤乳腺病变中的可行性，以解决这个问题。修正的 Beer-Lambert 定律和辐射能量转移方程的扩散近似的 Rytov 解在连续波 rDOT 系统中一起使用，用于对具有病变的乳房进行近红外成像。rDOT 数据是从 12 名具有可触及肿块的患者的 15 个病灶中获得的，这些患者在使用乳房 X 光检查、磁共振成像 (MRI) 和超声检查 (US) 进行标准临床检查后。此外，来自另一个乳房对应物的对称测量值被用作功能成像基础。组织病理学检查显示肿瘤分布为 5 例浸润性导管癌、1 例小叶癌、1 例硬化性腺病和 1 例乳头状瘤。其余 7 个病变（1 个错构瘤、1 个术后瘢痕组织、2 个囊肿、2 个纤维腺组织岛和 1 个乳腺炎）被归类为非肿瘤性乳腺病变。他们是根据临床、US、乳房 X 线照相术或 MRI 发现进行诊断的。肿瘤病变在 rDOT 断层扫描图像中呈现对比度，而非肿瘤病变如错构瘤和囊肿除乳腺炎外没有任何差异。在乳腺炎病例中，rDOT 显示出与肿瘤病变相似的更高对比度。经抗生素治疗后，乳腺炎部位与健康乳腺组织相比，对比度不高。