In this article, we analyze the spread of political disinformation in events of discursive struggles on Twitter, during the 2018 presidential election in Brazil. These were disputes for the hegemonic narrative between two stories based on opposed hashtags: one based on news from mainstream media and the other, based on disinformation, mostly from hyperpartisan outlets. Our goal was to understand how hyperpartisan outlets created and shaped these discursive struggles and the strategies used to spread disinformation to create an “alternative narrative” to the facts. Our case study is focused on two discursive struggles, for which we will use critical discourse analysis and social network analysis. Our findings suggest that (1) the structure of the hashtag wars was very polarized and right-wing groups had higher exposure to hyperpartisan content and disinformation, while traditional media discourse circulates more among other different ideological clusters; (2) right-wing hyperpartisan media mostly used biased framing and polarized ideological discourse structure as manipulative strategies to reframe the events and create a counter-narrative (and thus, to create the dispute); and (3) opinion leaders were major spreaders of disinformation among far-right users, as they reinforced hyperpartisan content and became key actors in the discursive struggles (and thus, reinforced the dispute).

在本文中，我们分析了2018年巴西总统大选期间Twitter上的辩论斗争中政治虚假信息的传播情况。这是两个基于相对主题标签的故事之间的霸权叙事之争：一个基于主流媒体的新闻，另一个基于虚假信息，主要来自超党派媒体。我们的目标是了解超党派人士如何创造和塑造这些话语斗争，以及用于传播虚假信息以对事实进行“另类叙述”的策略。我们的案例研究集中在两个话语斗争中，我们将使用批判性话语分析和社交网络分析。我们的发现表明：（1）主题标签战争的结构是两极分化的，右翼团体更容易受到超党派内容和虚假信息的影响，而传统媒体话语则在其他不同的意识形态集群中传播更多；（2）右翼的超党派媒体大多以偏见的框架和两极化的意识形态话语结构作为操纵策略，以重新组织事件并制造反叙事（从而引发纠纷）；（3）意见领袖是极右翼使用者中虚假信息的主要传播者，因为他们加强了超党派的内容，并成为话语斗争中的关键角色（从而加剧了争议）。（2）右翼的超党派媒体大多以偏见的框架和两极化的意识形态话语结构作为操纵策略，以重新组织事件并制造反叙事（从而引发纠纷）；（3）意见领袖是极右翼使用者中虚假信息的主要传播者，因为他们加强了超党派的内容，并成为话语斗争中的关键角色（从而加剧了争议）。（2）右翼的超党派媒体大多以偏见的框架和两极的意识形态话语结构作为操纵策略，以重新组织事件并制造反叙事（从而引发纠纷）；（3）意见领袖是极右翼使用者中虚假信息的主要传播者，因为他们加强了超党派的内容，并成为话语斗争中的关键角色（从而加剧了争议）。