Emotions have traditionally been viewed as intrapersonal phenomena. Over the past decades, theory and research have shifted toward a more social perspective that emphasizes the role of emotional expressions in coordinating social interaction. I provide a brief history of this ongoing paradigm shift, which reveals two critical developments. The first concerns a continuing shift in emphasis on the social-communicative rather than individual-level functions and effects of emotions—the radicalization of the social approach to emotion. The second concerns a growing awareness that emotions can be expressed through multiple modalities, including words—the emancipation of verbal emotional expressions. I discuss theoretical challenges and opportunities presented by these developments and consider their implications for understanding emotions as a source of social influence.

传统上，情感被视为人际现象。在过去的几十年中，理论和研究转向了更加社会化的观点，强调了情感表达在协调社会互动中的作用。我提供了这种正在进行的范式转换的简要历史，其中揭示了两个关键的发展。第一个问题涉及对情感的社会交际而不是个人层面的功能和效果的不断转变，即社交方法对情感的激进化。第二个问题是人们日益意识到可以通过多种方式表达情感，包括言语—语言情感表达的解放。