The purpose of this study was to ascertain the appropriate levels of dietary sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) for 29- to 70-day-old goslings and to investigate the effects of different levels of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ on the growth performance, water consumption, blood parameters and excreta quality of goslings to provide a reference for the healthy production of goslings. In Experiment 1, a total of 432 29-day-old male Jiangnan White goslings were randomly allotted to nine treatments according to a 3 × 3 factorial design, with six pens containing eight birds per treatment. The goslings were fed diets with three concentrations of Na⁺ (0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20%) and three concentrations of Cl⁻ (0.15%, 0.20% and 0.25%). The experimental period was 42 days. In Experiment 2, a total of 24 70-day-old Jiangnan White goslings were selected for four treatments (0.10% Na⁺ × 0.15% Cl⁻; 0.10% Na⁺ × 0.25% Cl⁻; 0.20% Na⁺ × 0.15% Cl⁻ and 0.20% Na⁺ × 0.25% Cl⁻) and housed separately in metabolic cages. The faeces were collected for 3 consecutive days. In Experiment 1, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG) and feed/gain (F/G) ratio of goslings were unaffected by the treatments. However, low levels of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ significantly reduced the water consumption of goslings in the later growth period (p < 0.05). The average water consumption of goslings fed with 0.10% Na⁺ × 0.15% Cl⁻ was significantly lower than that of the goslings fed with 0.20% Na⁺ × 0.25% Cl⁻ (56 days, 1304.2 ml vs. 1471.7 ml; 63 days, 1452.8 ml vs. 1610.8 ml; 70 days, 1540.0 ml vs. 1775.4 ml; p < 0.05). The interaction between Na⁺ and Cl⁻ (Na⁺ × Cl⁻) had a significant impact on the blood haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) levels in the goslings (p < 0.05). HGB increased linearly with increasing levels of Na⁺. HGB and HCT first increased and then decreased with increasing levels of Cl⁻. In Experiment 2, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels had significant effects on the excreta moisture content (p < 0.05). Goslings fed with 0.10% Na⁺ × 0.15% Cl⁻ had a low moisture content of 5.58% compared to the goslings fed with 0.20% Na⁺ × 0.25% Cl⁻ (87.51% vs. 93.09%; p < 0.05). The levels of dietary Na⁺ had a significant effect on the retention ratio of Na (p < 0.05), with the value for the 0.20% Na⁺ group being significantly higher than that for the 0.10% Na⁺ group (p < 0.05). In summary, different levels of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ did not affect the growth of goslings. To reduce the water consumption and moisture content of excreta, the Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in the diet can be as low as 0.10% and 0.15%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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不同日粮钠和氯化物水平对 29 至 70 日龄雏鹅生产性能、血液参数和排泄物质量的影响

本研究的目的是确定29 至 70 日龄雏鹅日粮钠 (Na ⁺ ) 和氯化物 (Cl ^{- ) 的适当水平，并研究不同水平的 Na +}和 Cl ^-对为雏鹅的健康生产提供参考。在实验 1 中，总共 432 只 29 日龄的雄性江南白雏鹅按照 3 × 3 因子设计随机分配到 9 个处理中，每个处理有 6 个圈养 8 只鸡。雏鹅饲喂三种浓度的 Na ⁺（0.10%、0.15% 和 0.20%）和三种浓度的 Cl ^-（0.15%、0.20% 和 0.25%）。实验期为42天。实验二，共选取24头70日龄江南白雏鹅进行4个处理（0.10% Na ⁺  × 0.15% Cl ^-； 0.10% Na ⁺  × 0.25% Cl ^-； 0.20% Na ⁺  × 0.15% Cl ^-和 0.20% Na ⁺  × 0.25% Cl ^- ) 并分别安置在代谢笼中。连续3天收集粪便。在实验 1 中，幼鹅的平均日采食量 (ADFI)、平均日增重 (ADG) 和饲料/增重比 (F/G) 不受处理的影响。然而，低水平的 Na ⁺和 Cl ^-显着降低了幼鹅生长后期的耗水量（p  < 0.05）。^{饲喂 0.10% Na +}  × 0.15% Cl ^-的幼鹅的平均耗水量显着低于饲喂 0.20% Na ⁺  × 0.25% Cl ^-的幼鹅（56 天，1304.2 毫升对 1471.7 毫升；63 天， 1452.8 毫升对比 1610.8 毫升；70 天，1540.0 毫升对比 1775.4 毫升；p  < 0.05）。^{Na +}和 Cl ^- (Na ⁺  × Cl ^- )之间的相互作用对幼鹅的血红蛋白 (HGB) 和红细胞比容 (HCT) 水平有显着影响 ( p < 0.05)。^{HGB随着Na +}水平的增加而线性增加。^{HGB 和HCT 随着Cl -}水平的升高先升高后降低。在实验 2 中，Na ⁺和 Cl ^-水平对排泄物水分含量有显着影响（p  < 0.05）。^{与饲喂 0.20% Na +}  × 0.25% Cl ^-的幼鹅相比，饲喂 0.10% Na ⁺  × 0.15% Cl ^-的幼鹅的水分含量较低，为 5.58% （87.51% 对 93.09%；p  < 0.05）。日粮 Na ⁺水平对 Na的保留率有显着影响（p  < 0.05），其中 0.20% Na 的值为⁺组显着高于 0.10% Na ⁺组 ( p  < 0.05)。总之，不同水平的Na ⁺和Cl ^-不影响幼鹅的生长。为了减少排泄物的耗水量和水分含量，日粮中的 Na ⁺和 Cl ^-水平可分别低至 0.10% 和 0.15%。