In the context of increasing renewable energy penetration in energy systems, demand response is acknowledged as a solution to guarantee grid stability and security of supply. Direct control of appliances by utilities, however, may lead to user dissatisfaction and disengagement via overrides. The present study, based on data from 6,389 connected thermostats in North America in the summer of 2019, investigates users' thermostat overriding behavior during demand response events targeting their air conditioners. An average event in this dataset was triggered around 3 p.m. and lasted three hours. The overall override rate was 12.9%. Overrides critically affected power usage during an event, with the share of the expected power demand reduction missed due to overrides being of the same order of magnitude as the override rate. In a decision tree analysis, the override rate showed to be particularly affected by occupants' habitual setpoint change frequency, outdoor temperature, event duration, and occupants’ previous experience with demand response. Even though the dataset is not representative of all types of demand response events, this study highlights the potential lying in connected thermostat data for utilities to design tailored demand response events with an increased success rate and a smaller impact on occupant comfort.

在能源系统中可再生能源普及率不断提高的背景下，需求响应被认为是保证电网稳定和供应安全的解决方案。但是，由公用事业公司直接控制电器可能会导致用户不满，并通过超控装置脱离。本研究基于2019年夏季北美6389个已连接恒温器的数据，调查了针对他们的空调的需求响应事件期间用户的恒温器压倒性行为。此数据集中的平均事件在下午3点左右触发，持续了三个小时。总体覆盖率为12.9％。覆盖事件期间受严重影响的电源使用情况，由于覆盖与覆盖率处于相同数量级，因此错过了预期的电力需求减少的份额。在决策树分析中，覆盖率显示出特别受乘员习惯性设定点更改频率，室外温度，事件持续时间以及乘员先前对需求响应的经验影响。即使数据集不能代表所有类型的需求响应事件，该研究也强调了连接的恒温器数据的潜力，供公用事业公司设计量身定制的需求响应事件，其成功率提高且对乘员舒适性的影响较小。