Research on harmful algal and cyanobacterial blooms (HABs and CHABs) has risen dramatically due to their increasing global distribution, frequency, and intensity. These blooms jeopardize public health, ecosystem function, sustainability and can have negative economic impacts. Numerous monitoring programs have been established using light microscopy, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS), ELISA, and spectrophotometry to monitor HABs/CHABs outbreaks. Recently, DNA/RNA-based molecular methods have been integrated into these programs to replace or complement traditional methods through analyzing environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) with techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), sandwich hybridization assay (SHA), isothermal amplification methods, and microarrays. These have enabled the detection of rare or cryptic species, enhanced sample throughput, and reduced costs and the need for visual taxonomic expertise. However, these methods have limitations, such as the need for high capital investment in equipment or detection uncertainties, including determining whether organisms are viable. In this review, we discuss the potential of newly developed molecular diagnosis technology based on Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas proteins (CRISPR/Cas), which utilizes the prokaryotic adaptative immune systems of bacteria and archaea. Cas12 and Cas13-based platforms can detect both DNA and RNA with attomolar sensitivity within an hour. CRISPR/Cas diagnostic is a rapid, inexpensive, specific, and ultrasensitive technology that, with some further development, will provide many new platforms that can be used for HABs/CHABs biomonitoring and research.

有害藻类和蓝藻水华（HABs和CHABs）的研究由于其全球分布，频率和强度的增加而急剧增加。这些花朵危害公共健康，生态系统功能，可持续性，并可能产生负面的经济影响。已经建立了使用光学显微镜，液相色谱与质谱联用（LC-MS），ELISA和分光光度法监测HAB / CHAB暴发的众多监测程序。最近，基于DNA / RNA的分子方法已集成到这些程序中，以通过定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR），荧光原位杂交（FISH）等技术分析环境DNA和RNA（eDNA / eRNA）来替代或补充传统方法。 ），夹心杂交测定（SHA），等温扩增方法和微阵列。这些功能使得能够检测稀有或神秘物种，提高样品通量，降低成本以及需要视觉分类学专业知识。但是，这些方法有局限性，例如需要对设备进行大量资本投资或检测不确定性，包括确定生物是否可行。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了基于簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列/ Cas蛋白（CRISPR / Cas）的新开发的分子诊断技术的潜力，该蛋白利用了细菌和古细菌的原核适应性免疫系统。基于Cas12和Cas13的平台可以在一小时内以attomolar灵敏度检测DNA和RNA。CRISPR / Cas诊断是一种快速，廉价，特异且超灵敏的技术，随着进一步的发展，