Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention in research because of their wide applicability in various areas. Because the properties of metallic NPs can be regulated by altering the covered ligand layer, it is crucial to be able to probe the composition, structure, and dynamic processes of molecules on metallic NPs for understanding nanoparticle–molecule interactions so as to enable the exploiting of NPs with desired properties and functionalities. However, a detailed description of the conformations of molecules and the dynamic interactions between molecules and metallic NPs is challenging owing to the requirement of real‐time, in situ, and non‐destructive surface probing technologies. This review presents an overview of probing the structures and dynamic processes of molecules on the surface of metallic NPs by different spectroscopic techniques.

中文翻译：

---

贵金属纳米粒子表面结构和过程的原位光谱探针

金属纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其在各个领域的广泛应用而引起了研究的极大关注。由于可以通过改变覆盖的配体层来调节金属NP的特性，因此至关重要的是能够探查金属NP上分子的组成，结构和动态过程，以了解纳米粒子与分子之间的相互作用，从而能够利用具有所需特性和功能的NP。然而，由于对实时，原位和非破坏性表面探测技术的要求，对分子构象以及分子与金属NP之间动态相互作用的详细描述具有挑战性。