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The Moral Philosophy of Maria Montessori
Journal of the American Philosophical Association Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1017/apa.2019.41
PATRICK FRIERSON

This paper lays out the moral theory of philosopher and educator Maria Montessori (1870–1952). Based on a moral epistemology wherein moral concepts are grounded in a well-cultivated moral sense, Montessori develops a threefold account of moral life. She starts with an account of character as an ideal of individual self-perfection through concentrated attention on effortful work. She shows how respect for others grows from and supplements individual character, and she further develops a notion of social solidarity that goes beyond cooperation toward shared agency. Partly because she attends to children's ethical lives, Montessori highlights how character, respect, and solidarity all appear first as prereflective, embodied orientations of agency. Full moral virtue takes up prereflective orientations reflectively and extends them through moral concepts. Overall, Montessori's ethic improves on features similar to some in Nietzschean, Kantian, Hegelian, or Aristotelian ethical theories while situating these within a developmental and perfectionist ethics.

中文翻译:

玛丽亚蒙台梭利的道德哲学

本文阐述了哲学家和教育家玛丽亚·蒙台梭利(1870-1952)的道德理论。蒙台梭利基于道德认识论,其中道德概念建立在良好培养的道德意识之上,蒙台梭利对道德生活进行了三重描述。她首先将性格描述为通过专注于努力工作来实现个人自我完善的理想。她展示了对他人的尊重是如何从个人性格中成长和补充的,她进一步发展了一种社会团结的概念,这种观念超越了合作,走向了共同的能动性。部分因为她关注儿童的道德生活,蒙台梭利强调了性格、尊重和团结如何首先表现为预先反思、体现的能动性取向。完全的道德美德以反思的方式占据了前反思的方向,并通过道德概念扩展了它们。总体而言,蒙台梭利的伦理改进了与尼采、康德、黑格尔或亚里士多德伦理理论中的一些相似的特征,同时将这些置于发展和完美主义伦理中。
更新日期:2021-04-12
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