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From converts to cooperation: Protestant internationalism, US missionaries and Indian Christians and ‘Professional’ social work between Boston and Bombay (c. 1920–1950)
Journal of Global History ( IF 2.000 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1017/s1740022821000103
Michael Phillipp Brunner

The 1920s and 30s were a high phase of liberal missionary internationalism driven especially by American-led visions of the Social Gospel. As the missionary consensus shifted from proselytization to social concerns, the indigenization of missions and the role of the ‘younger churches’ outside of Europe and North America was brought into focus. This article shows how Protestant internationalism pursued a ‘Christian Sociology’ in dialogue with the field’s academic and professional form.Through the case study of settlement sociology and social work schemes by the American Marathi Mission (AMM) in Bombay, the article highlights the intricacies of applying internationalist visions in the field and asks how they were contested and shaped by local conditions and processes. Challenging a simplistic ‘secularization’ narrative, the article then argues that it was the liberal, anti-imperialist drive of the missionary discourse that eventually facilitated an American ‘professional imperialism’ in the development of secular social work in India. Adding local dynamics to the analysis of an internationalist discourse benefits the understanding of both Protestant internationalism and the genesis of Indian social work and shows the value of an integrated global micro-historical approach.

中文翻译:

从皈依者到合作:新教国际主义、美国传教士和印度基督徒以及波士顿和孟买之间的“专业”社会工作(c. 1920–1950)

1920 年代和 30 年代是自由传教国际主义的高潮阶段,尤其是受到美国主导的社会福音愿景的推动。随着宣教共识从传教转向社会关注,宣教本土化以及欧洲和北美以外“年轻教会”的作用成为焦点。本文展示了新教国际主义如何在与该领域的学术和专业形式的对话中追求“基督教社会学”。通过在孟买的美国马拉地教团 (AMM) 对定居社会学和社会工作计划的案例研究,文章强调了该领域的复杂性。在该领域应用国际主义愿景,并询问它们是如何受到当地条件和过程的质疑和塑造的。挑战简单化的“世俗化”叙事,文章接着认为,正是传教话语的自由主义、反帝国主义驱动最终促成了美国“职业帝国主义”在印度世俗社会工作的发展。在国际主义话语的分析中加入本地动态有助于理解新教国际主义和印度社会工作的起源,并展示综合全球微观历史方法的价值。
更新日期:2021-04-12
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