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Plagues, wars, political change, and fiscal capacity: late medieval and Renaissance Siena, 1337–1556†
The Economic History Review ( IF 2.487 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-11 , DOI: 10.1111/ehr.13069
Mattia Fochesato 1
Affiliation  

After the 1348 Black Death, the Republic of Siena went through a period of recurrent plagues, military threats, and famines. During this phase the city moved from the oligarchic system to a coalition formed by the participation of social groups previously excluded from politics, an institutional path almost unique among contemporary Italian states. Did the city maintain its fiscal capacity, and, if so, how? These questions are addressed using a quantitative analysis of a new dataset compiled from the fiscal archives of the city of Siena, which shows two main results. First, despite the increasing external threats, the coalitions were able to maintain fiscal capacity until the second half of the fifteenth century. Second, they did so by adopting progressive fiscal instruments that allowed the city to raise the resources needed to deal with increasing fiscal pressure. However, these instruments ultimately linked the fiscal capacity of Siena to the economic trends of northern and central Italy. When in the second half of the fifteenth century the region entered into an economic downturn, the fiscal capacity of Siena plummeted and the city lost its independence.

中文翻译:

瘟疫、战争、政治变革和财政能力:中世纪晚期和文艺复兴时期的锡耶纳,1337-1556 年†

1348 年黑死病之后,锡耶纳共和国经历了瘟疫、军事威胁和饥荒反复发作的时期。在这个阶段,这座城市从寡头体制转变为由以前被排除在政治之外的社会团体参与形成的联盟,这是当代意大利国家中几乎独一无二的制度路径。城市是否保持了其财政能力,如果是,如何保持?这些问题通过对锡耶纳市财政档案汇编的新数据集的定量分析得到解决,该数据集显示了两个主要结果。首先,尽管外部威胁不断增加,但联盟能够维持财政能力直到 15 世纪下半叶。第二,为此,他们采用了渐进式财政手段,使该市能够筹集到应对日益增加的财政压力所需的资源。然而,这些工具最终将锡耶纳的财政能力与意大利北部和中部的经济趋势联系起来。十五世纪下半叶,该地区进入经济衰退期,锡耶纳的财政能力急剧下降,城市失去了独立性。
更新日期:2021-04-11
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