Mexico has a wealth of plant genetic resources, including Capsicum species. In southern Mexico, specifically in the western part of the Yucatan Peninsula, Maya farmers have preserved a great diversity of chilli pepper landraces of C. annuum, C. frutescens and C. chinense. However, the morphological diversity, capsaicinoid content, conservation status and potential use of these species have not been studied. To fill this gap and generate information to support the conservation and use of these species, we characterized the phenotypic diversity and capsaicinoid content for nine chilli pepper landraces from the western Yucatan Peninsula by assessing 15 quantitative and 39 qualitative traits for 10 plants of each landrace. For quantitative variables, two groups of chilli pepper landraces were obtained by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Group I was formed by Rosita, Bobo, Dulce, Xcat'ik1, Xcat'ik2 and Verde landraces; Group II included the Maax, Bolita and Pico Paloma landraces. For qualitative variables, three groups of chilli pepper landraces were obtained; Group I included Dulce, Bobo, Xcat'ik1, Xcat'ik2 and Verde landraces, Group II only included the Rosita landrace, and Group III included Maax, Bolita and Pico Paloma landraces. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) quantification of capsaicinoids indicated higher values in landraces Rosita (14,062.3 μg/g D.W), Bolita (5928.1 μg/g D.W), Maax (3438.4 μg/g D.W) and Pico Paloma (3138.9 μg/g D.W). The Yucatan chilli pepper landraces provide valuable diverse germplasm for morphological characteristics and capsaicinoid content that can be used in breeding and conservation programmes.

中文翻译：

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尤卡坦半岛辣椒地方品种（Capsicum spp.）的表型多样性和类辣椒素含量

墨西哥拥有丰富的植物遗传资源，包括辣椒物种。在墨西哥南部，特别是在尤卡坦半岛的西部，玛雅农民保存了种类繁多的辣椒地方品种C. annuum,C. frutescens和中华. 然而，尚未研究这些物种的形态多样性、辣椒素含量、保护状况和潜在用途。为了填补这一空白并生成信息以支持这些物种的保护和利用，我们通过评估每种地方品种的 10 个植物的 15 个数量性状和 39 个质量性状来描述来自尤卡坦半岛西部的 9 个辣椒地方品种的表型多样性和辣椒素含量。对于定量变量，通过主成分分析和聚类分析得到两组辣椒地方品种。第一组由 Rosita、Bobo、Dulce、Xcat'ik1、Xcat'ik2 和 Verde 地方品种组成；第二组包括 Maax、Bolita 和 Pico Paloma 地方品种。对于定性变量，获得了三组辣椒地方品种；第一组包括 Dulce、Bobo、Xcat'ik1、Xcat'ik2 和 Verde 地方品种，第二组仅包括 Rosita 地方品种，第三组包括 Maax、Bolita 和 Pico Paloma 地方品种。辣椒素的超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列 (UPLC-PDA) 定量表明地方品种 Rosita (14,062.3 μg/g DW)、Bolita (5928.1 μg/g DW)、Maax (3438.4 μg/g DW) 和 Pico Paloma 的值较高(3138.9 微克/克干重)。尤卡坦辣椒地方品种为可用于育种和保护计划的形态特征和辣椒素含量提供了有价值的多样化种质。辣椒素的超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列 (UPLC-PDA) 定量表明地方品种 Rosita (14,062.3 μg/g DW)、Bolita (5928.1 μg/g DW)、Maax (3438.4 μg/g DW) 和 Pico Paloma 的值较高(3138.9 微克/克干重)。尤卡坦辣椒地方品种为可用于育种和保护计划的形态特征和辣椒素含量提供了有价值的多样化种质。辣椒素的超高效液相色谱-光电二极管阵列 (UPLC-PDA) 定量表明地方品种 Rosita (14,062.3 μg/g DW)、Bolita (5928.1 μg/g DW)、Maax (3438.4 μg/g DW) 和 Pico Paloma 的值较高(3138.9 微克/克干重)。尤卡坦辣椒地方品种为可用于育种和保护计划的形态特征和辣椒素含量提供了有价值的多样化种质。