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Trans-ovo permethrin exposure affects growth, brain morphology and cardiac development in quail
Environmental Toxicology ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1002/tox.23141
Grace H. Curtis 1 , Sara Nogueiro 1 , Sydney Schneider 1 , Marissa Bernhofer 1 , Mara McDermott 1 , Erin Nixon 1 , Kylie Noelle Perez 1 , Robyn E. Reeve 1 , Marietta R. Easterling 1, 2 , Erica J. Crespi 1
Affiliation  

Permethrin is a commonly used, highly effective pesticide in poultry agriculture, and has recently been trialed in conservation efforts to protect Galápagos finch hatchlings from an invasive ectoparasite. Although permethrin is considered safe for adults, pesticides can have health consequences when animals are exposed during early life stages. The few studies that have examined permethrin's effects in embryonic chicks and rats have shown hydrocephaly, anencephaly, reduced cellular energy conversion, and disruption of developing heart muscle. To test whether trans-ovo exposure of permethrin affects early development in birds, we exposed Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) eggs to cotton treated with 1% permethrin that was incorporated into nests in two amounts (0.2, 0.8 g), each with a paired untreated cotton control group. When measured on incubation Day 15, we found permethrin-treated developing birds were smaller and showed signs of microcephaly, although mortality rates were the same. Despite no difference in heart mass, ventricular tissue was less compact, cardiac arteries were reduced and heart rates were slower in permethrin-treated birds. Differences in heart development were also observed at 5 days of incubation, indicating that abnormalities are present from early in cardiac development. Future studies are needed to examine permethrin's effects on developmental pathways and to determine if these effects persist after hatching to affect offspring health. This study provides evidence that permethrin can cross the eggshell to cause non-lethal but adverse effects on embryonic development, and studies should look beyond hatching when monitoring the efficacy of permethrin on wild bird populations.

中文翻译:

Trans-ovo 氯菊酯暴露影响鹌鹑的生长、脑形态和心脏发育

氯菊酯是家禽农业中常用的高效杀虫剂,最近在保护工作中进行了试验,以保护加拉帕戈斯雀雏鸟免受外来寄生虫的侵害。尽管氯菊酯被认为对成年人是安全的,但当动物在生命早期阶段接触农药时,农药会对健康产生影响。少数研究氯菊酯对雏鸡和大鼠胚胎的影响已经显示出脑积水、无脑畸形、细胞能量转换减少和心肌发育中断。为了测试氯菊酯的跨蛋暴露是否影响鸟类的早期发育,我们暴露了日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica) 鸡蛋到用 1% 氯菊酯处理过的棉花,以两种量 (0.2, 0.8 g) 掺入巢中,每一种都有配对的未处理棉花对照组。在孵化第 15 天进行测量时,我们发现使用氯菊酯处理的发育中的鸡更小,并显示出小头畸形的迹象,尽管死亡率相同。尽管心脏质量没有差异,但在氯菊酯处理的鸟类中,心室组织不那么紧密,心脏动脉减少并且心率减慢。在孵育 5 天时也观察到心脏发育的差异,表明心脏发育早期就存在异常。未来的研究需要检查氯菊酯对发育途径的影响,并确定这些影响是否在孵化后持续存在以影响后代健康。
更新日期:2021-06-03
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