Introduction

Light rail transit (LRT) has become a popular intervention for addressing the social and economic complexities associated with urban growth. LRT development can exert influence on neighborhood characteristics, such as property values, employment opportunities, and service access. Many of these changes can impact the health of nearby residents by influencing their exposure to the social determinants of health (SDOH). This study maps the literature on LRT development through an SDOH lens and comments on gaps and implications for neighborhood health and transit planning.

Methods

The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology was used to examine existing literature on neighborhood-level impacts of LRT development related to the SDOH. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they focused on an LRT project in an urban center in Canada or the United States, reported on a neighborhood-level impact related to the SDOH, and were published in English between 2004 and 2019. Standardized information was extracted from each included article and thematic analysis was applied to generate impact themes.

Results

A search of three databases yielded 767 non-duplicate records and 29 studies were included in the review. Six impact themes were identified: property values, neighborhood demography, economy, development, transit, and neighborhood perceptions. LRT development was associated with residential property value increases, high-density residential development, new business openings, and increases in neighborhood household income. Articles had limited recognition of the role of LRT development in creating health disparities.

Conclusions

This review demonstrates that transit development can influence the living conditions and resource availability of surrounding areas. Since many of the impacts identified in this study can further social stratification or have differential effects by socioeconomic status, LRT development can be conceptualized as a driver of health inequities. In order to design more effective and equitable transit policy, future research should position transit development as an SDOH.

中文翻译：

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轻轨交通发展对邻里健康的影响：通过健康因素的社会决定因素进行范围界定审查

介绍

轻轨交通（LRT）已成为解决与城市发展相关的社会和经济复杂问题的流行干预手段。轻便铁路的发展会对邻里特征产生影响，例如财产价值，就业机会和服务获得机会。这些变化中的许多变化都可以通过影响附近居民对健康的社会决定因素（SDOH）的影响来影响他们的健康。这项研究通过SDOH镜头绘制了有关轻轨交通发展的文献，并就差距和对邻里健康和交通规划的影响发表了评论。

方法

Arksey和O'Malley范围界定审查方法用于检查现有文献中有关SDOH的LRT开发在社区层面的影响。如果同行评议的文章侧重于加拿大或美国城市中心的轻轨项目，并报告了与SDOH相关的邻里级影响，则包括在内，并于2004年至2019年之间以英文发表。摘录了标准化的信息从每篇收录的文章中进行分析，并进行主题分析以产生影响主题。

结果

对三个数据库的搜索产生了767条非重复记录，并且该评价中包括29项研究。确定了六个影响主题：财产价值，邻里人口统计学，经济，发展，交通和邻里感知。LRT的发展与住宅物业价值的增加，高密度住宅的发展，新业务的开业以及邻里家庭收入的增加有关。文章对LRT开发在造成健康差异方面的作用的认识有限。

结论

这项审查表明，过境发展会影响周围地区的生活条件和资源。由于本研究中确定的许多影响可以进一步促进社会分层或因社会经济地位而产生不同的影响，因此可以将轻轨交通发展概念化为健康不平等的驱动因素。为了设计更有效和公平的过境政策，未来的研究应将过境发展定位为SDOH。