Introduction

The high transmissibility and infectivity of the new coronavirus, the high proportion of asymptomatic transmitters and the rapid and continuous spatial displacement of people, by the different mechanisms of locomotion, are elements that can contribute to the dissemination of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the geographical dispersion of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia and the importance of major airports and highways in the dynamics of disease transmission.

Methods

This is an ecological study involving all cases of COVID-19 registered in the state of Bahia between March 6, date of the first registered case and May 16, 2020. After collection, an exploratory spatial analysis was performed, considering the cases accumulated on the last day of each epidemiological week.

Results

The first cases of COVID-19 were concentrated in areas served by three important airport complexes in the state, located in Salvador, Ilhéus and Porto Seguro. From week 16–20, there was a more intense expansion of COVID-19 to the interior of the state. A global spatial autocorrelation was observed (I Moran 0.2323; p = 0.01), with the influence of distance: positive correlation at distances less than 205.8 km (I Moran 0.040; p = 0.01) and greater than 800 km (I Moran 0.080; p = 0.01).

Conclusions

Based on the spatial dispersion pattern of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia, airports and highways that cross the state were responsible for the interiorization of the disease.

中文翻译：

---

机场、高速公路和 COVID-19：巴西空间动态分析

介绍

新型冠状病毒的高传播性和传染性、高比例的无症状传播者以及人们在不同的运动机制下快速和持续的空间位移，这些都是可能导致 COVID-19 传播的因素。本研究旨在描述 COVID-19 在巴伊亚州的地理分布以及主要机场和高速公路在疾病传播动态中的重要性。

方法

这是一项生态研究，涉及巴伊亚州在 3 月 6 日（第一例登记病例之日）至 2020 年 5 月 16 日期间登记的所有 COVID-19 病例。收集后，考虑到在巴伊亚州累积的病例，进行了探索性空间分析每个流行病学周的最后一天。

结果

首批 COVID-19 病例集中在该州三个重要机场综合体服务的区域，分别位于萨尔瓦多、伊列乌斯和塞古罗港。从第 16 周到第 20 周，COVID-19 向该州内部的扩张更加强烈。观察到全局空间自相关 (I Moran 0.2323; p = 0.01)，受距离影响：距离小于 205.8 公里 (I Moran 0.040; p = 0.01) 和大于 800 km (I Moran 0.080; p = 0.01)。

结论

根据巴伊亚州 COVID-19 的空间扩散模式，穿越该州的机场和高速公路是该疾病内化的原因。