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Hero Turned Villain: Identification of Components of the Sex Pheromone of the Tomato Bug, Nesidiocoris tenuis
Journal of Chemical Ecology ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01270-1
David R Hall 1 , Steven J Harte 1 , Daniel P Bray 1 , Dudley I Farman 1 , Rob James 2 , Celine X Silva 3 , Michelle T Fountain 3
Affiliation  

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) is a tropical mirid bug used as a biocontrol agent in protected crops, including tomatoes. Although N. tenuis predates important insect pests, especially whitefly, it also causes damage by feeding on tomato plants when prey populations decline, resulting in significant economic losses for growers. The pest is now established in some all-year-round tomato crops in Europe and control measures involve the application of pesticides which are incompatible with current IPM programs. As part of future IPM strategies, the pheromone of N. tenuis was investigated. Volatile collections were made from groups and individuals of mated and unmated, females and males. In analyses of these collections by gas chromatography coupled with electroantennographic (EAG) recording from antennae of male bugs, two EAG-active components were detected and identified as 1-octanol and octyl hexanoate. Unlike other mirids, both male and female N. tenuis produced the two compounds, before and after mating, and both sexes gave EAG responses to both compounds. Furthermore, only octyl hexanoate was detected in whole body solvent washes from both sexes. These compounds are not related to the derivatives of 3-hydroxybutyrate esters found as pheromone components in other members of the Bryocrinae sub-family, and the latter could not be detected in volatiles from N. tenuis and did not elicit EAG responses. Nevertheless, experiments carried out in commercial glasshouses showed that traps baited with a blend of the synthetic pheromone components caught essentially only male N. tenuis, and significantly more than traps baited with octyl hexanoate alone. The latter caught significantly more N. tenuis than unbaited traps which generally caught very few bugs. Traps at plant height caught more N. tenuis males than traps 1 m above or at the base of the plants. The trap catches provided an indication of population levels of N. tenuis and were greatly reduced following an application of insecticide.



中文翻译:

英雄变身恶棍:番茄虫性信息素成分的鉴定,Nesidiocoris tenuis

Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Heteroptera: Miridae) 是一种热带昆虫,用作受保护作物(包括西红柿)的生物防治剂。尽管N. tenuis早于重要的害虫,尤其是粉虱,但当猎物数量下降时,它也会以番茄植株为食,从而造成损害,给种植者造成重大经济损失。该害虫现已在欧洲的一些全年番茄作物中建立,控制措施涉及使用与当前 IPM 计划不相容的杀虫剂。作为未来 IPM 策略的一部分,N. tenuis的信息素被调查。挥发性集合是由交配和未交配、雌性和雄性的群体和个体制成的。在通过气相色谱法结合雄性臭虫触角的触角电图 (EAG) 记录对这些收集物进行分析时,检测到两种 EAG 活性成分并鉴定为 1-辛醇和己酸辛酯。与其他 mirids 不同,雄性和雌性N. tenuis在交配前后都会产生两种化合物,并且两性对这两种化合物都产生 EAG 反应。此外,在两性的全身溶剂洗液中仅检测到己酸辛酯。这些化合物与 Bryocrinae 亚科其他成员中作为信息素成分发现的 3-羟基丁酸酯衍生物无关,后者无法在来自N. tenuis并没有引起 EAG 反应。然而,在商业温室中进行的实验表明,用合成信息素成分的混合物作为诱饵的诱捕器基本上只能捕获雄性细小猪笼草,而且比单独用辛酸辛酯作为诱饵的诱捕器要多得多。后者捕获的N. tenuis明显多于未诱捕的陷阱,后者通常捕获的虫子很少。在植物高度的陷阱比在植物上方或基部 1 m 处的陷阱捕获更多的N. tenuis雄性。诱捕捕获物提供了细小猪笼草种群水平的指标,并在施用杀虫剂后大大减少。

更新日期:2021-04-12
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