On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2–7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam’s science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

在NASA 2020年对Jezero陨石坑的火星探测任务中，远程确定岩石的质地，矿物学和化学性质对于快速，彻底地表征区域并优化返回地球的样本选择至关重要。作为恒心有效载荷的一部分，SuperCam是一套五项技术，可通过激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS），时间分辨拉曼和发光（TRR / L），可见光和近红外光谱（VISIR）提供关键和互补的观察结果），高分辨率彩色成像（RMI）和声学记录（MIC）。SuperCam可以在主要是2–7 m的远程距离上运行，同时提供亚毫米到毫米尺度的数据。我们以“火星2020”任务目标以及不同技术解决这些问题的方式报告SuperCam的科学目标。该仪器由三个独立的子系统组成：桅杆单元是在法国设计和制造的；桅杆单元是在法国设计和制造的。身体机构是由美国提供的；标定目标持有者由西班牙提供，目标本身由整个科学团队提供。该出版物着重于桅杆单元的设计，开发和测试；随行文件介绍了其他单位。这项工作的目的是提供对所做的技术选择，施加的限制以及最终飞行模型离开地球时的经过验证的性能的理解，并将为火星的运行和未来的处理奠定基础。数据。而整个科学团队的目标都是自己。该出版物着重于桅杆单元的设计，开发和测试；随行文件介绍了其他单位。这项工作的目的是提供对所做的技术选择，施加的限制以及最终飞行模型离开地球时的经过验证的性能的理解，并将为火星的运行和未来的处理奠定基础。数据。而整个科学团队的目标都是自己。该出版物着重于桅杆单元的设计，开发和测试；随行文件介绍了其他单位。这项工作的目的是提供对所做的技术选择，施加的限制以及最终飞行模型离开地球时的经过验证的性能的理解，并将为火星的运行和未来的处理奠定基础。数据。