The detection of ions and molecules in liquids has been receiving considerable attention for the realization of the electronic tongue. Solution-gated field-effect transistors (SFETs) with high sensitivity are useful for detecting ions and molecules by reading electrical transconductance. However, to date, ionic and molecular sensors that employ SFETs have limitations, such as the lack of a dynamic on–off function and low selectivity. In this study, we evaluate rationally designed graphene SFETs as pH and glucose-selective sensors. The integration of the microfluidic channel to the graphene SFET exhibits dynamic on–off functions by controlling injection and withdrawal of solutions. The graphene SFET device exhibits high pH and glucose selectivity when coated with Nafion as a molecular sieve and Au-decorated nanoparticles as receptors, respectively. The dynamic on–off functions and high selectivity of SFETs with tailored graphene channels have a high potential for advancing as a platform for electronic tongues by integrating the separate SFETs as an array for simultaneous sensing of multiple targets.

液体中离子和分子的检测已为实现电子舌头引起了相当大的关注。具有高灵敏度的溶液门控场效应晶体管（SFET）可用于通过读取电导来检测离子和分子。但是，迄今为止，采用SFET的离子传感器和分子传感器都有局限性，例如缺乏动态开关功能且选择性低。在这项研究中，我们评估合理设计的石墨烯SFET作为pH和葡萄糖选择性传感器。通过控制溶液的注入和抽出，微流体通道与石墨烯SFET的集成表现出动态的开关功能。当分别用Nafion作为分子筛和Au装饰的纳米颗粒作为受体包被时，石墨烯SFET装置显示出高pH和葡萄糖选择性。