Manufacturing metallic materials from elemental or alloyed powders is an option in many industrial processes. Nevertheless, the traditional powder metallurgy processing including furnace sintering is at times detrimental for the microstructure attained in the powders. Alternative sintering processes based on the use of electricity and the energy obtained by the Joule effect in powder particles can be quick enough to avoid microstructural changes. In particular, when the energy is stored in a capacitor and then discharged, the heating process is extremely quick, lasting milliseconds or even microseconds. This process, generally known as electrical discharge consolidation, has been applied to a wide variety of metallic materials, easily preserving the original microstructure of the powders. Both porous or homogeneous and highly densified material can be obtained, and without losing the desired properties of the consolidated material. A general overview of the process and applications, as well as the results obtained by different research groups around the world, have been reviewed in this manuscript.

中文翻译：

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金属粉末的电容器放电固结—综述

在许多工业过程中，从元素粉末或合金粉末制造金属材料是一种选择。然而，包括炉子烧结的传统粉末冶金工艺有时不利于粉末中获得的微观结构。基于电能和粉末颗粒中的焦耳效应获得的能量的替代烧结过程可以足够快，从而避免微观结构的变化。特别地，当能量被存储在电容器中然后被放电时，加热过程非常快，持续数毫秒或什至微秒。此过程通常称为放电固结，已应用于多种金属材料，易于保留粉末的原始微观结构。既可以得到多孔的，也可以是均质的和高度致密的材料，而又不会损失固结材料的所需性能。该手稿概述了该过程和应用的概况，以及世界各地不同研究小组获得的结果。