As biocompatible metallic materials, titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the orthopedic field due to their superior strength, low density, and ease of processing. However, further improvement in biological response is still required for rapid osseointegration. Here, various Ti surface-treatment technologies were applied: hydroxyapatite blasting, sand blasting and acid etching, anodic oxidation, and micro-arc oxidation. The surface characteristics of specimens subjected to these techniques were analyzed in terms of structure, elemental composition, and wettability. The adhesion strength of the coating layer was also assessed for the coated specimens. Biocompatibility was compared via tests of in vitro attachment and proliferation of pre-osteoblast cells.

中文翻译：

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增强骨整合的钛表面改性策略的表征

作为生物相容性金属材料，钛及其合金由于其优越的强度，低密度和易于加工而被广泛应用于整形外科领域。然而，快速骨整合仍需要进一步改善生物学反应。在这里，应用了各种Ti表面处理技术：羟基磷灰石喷砂，喷砂和酸蚀，阳极氧化和微弧氧化。根据结构，元素组成和润湿性分析了采用这些技术的样品的表面特性。还评估了涂层样品的涂层的粘附强度。通过体外成骨细胞的附着和增殖测试比较了生物相容性。