Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become an innovative strategic management tool of socially and environmentally conscious business organizations in the 21st century. Although external CSR activities are better researched, firms’ internal CSR activities such as workplace health promotion and its impact on employee wellbeing are less understood, especially during a pandemic where job security is relatively lower in many sectors of employment. Additionally, wellbeing and good health have been recognized as important targets to achieve as part of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 3. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between health-related work benefits and employee wellbeing, satisfaction and loyalty to their workplace. Large scale survey research was performed with responses from 537 employees in Hungary and 16 hypotheses were tested. Data analysis and path modelling using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) reveal two-layers of factors that impact employee wellbeing, satisfaction and loyalty. We term this as ‘internal locus of control’ and ‘external locus of control’ variables. Internal locus of control variables such as mental and emotional health leads to wellbeing at the workplace but do not directly impact employee satisfaction and loyalty. In contrast, external locus of control factors such as healthcare support leads to wellbeing, satisfaction and loyalty. Employer commitment to healthcare support system is found pertinent especially during the pandemic. We discover wellbeing as a unique standalone construct in this study, which is vital as is it formed by mental and emotional wellbeing of employees, albeit not a determinant of employee workplace satisfaction and loyalty. We theorize workers’ self-reliance and preservation as possible explanations to the disassociation between employee wellbeing and loyalty to workplace during times of crisis and the pandemic.

中文翻译：

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Covid-19大流行期间的工作场所健康促进，员工福利和忠诚度-来自匈牙利的大规模经验证据

企业社会责任（CSR）已成为21世纪具有社会和环境意识的商业组织的创新战略管理工具。尽管对外部CSR活动的研究得到了更好的研究，但对于企业内部CSR活动（如促进工作场所健康及其对员工福祉的影响）的了解却很少，尤其是在大流行时期，该流行病在许多就业部门的工作安全性相对较低。此外，幸福感和良好的健康状况已被公认为是联合国可持续发展目标3的重要目标。因此，本研究调查了与健康相关的工作收益与员工的幸福感，满意度和对工作场所的忠诚度之间的关系。匈牙利的537名员工进行了大规模调查研究，并对16种假设进行了检验。使用PLS-SEM（偏最小二乘结构方程模型）进行的数据分析和路径建模揭示了影响员工福利，满意度和忠诚度的两层因素。我们将其称为“内部控制源”和“外部控制源”变量。控制变量的内部场所，例如心理和情绪健康，可以在工作场所带来福祉，但不会直接影响员工的满意度和忠诚度。相反，控制因素（如医疗保健支持）的外部场所可带来幸福感，满意度和忠诚度。发现雇主对医疗保健支持系统的承诺尤其重要，尤其是在大流行期间。在这项研究中，我们发现幸福感是一种独特的独立结构，这是至关重要的，尽管它不是决定员工工作场所满意度和忠诚度的要素，但它是由员工的心理和情感健康所形成的。我们将员工的自力更生和维护作为理论的依据，以此来解释在危机和大流行时期员工福利与对工作场所的忠诚度之间的脱节。