Background and Objective; Genetic risk factors for childhood cancer may also influence facial morphology. 3D photography can be used in the recognition of differences in face shape among individuals. In previous research, 3D facial photography was used to identify increased facial asymmetry and greater deviation from normal facial morphology in a group of individuals with distinct morphological features who had childhood cancer compared to healthy controls. In this study, we aim to determine whether there is a difference in facial morphology between children with cancer without previously selected morphological features and healthy controls, detected with 3D facial photography.

Methods: Facial 3D photographic images were obtained of children with a newly diagnosed malignancy. The resulting sample comprised 13 different cancer types. Patients were excluded if they had a known genetic cause of the cancer. Patients were compared to healthy controls, matched for sex, age and ethnic background. The degree of asymmetry and overall deviation of an individual's face from an age and sex typical control face were measured.

Results: A total of 163 patients of European descent were included. No significant difference in asymmetry between patients and controls could be identified. On average, patients deviated more from an age and sex typical face than the controls.

Conclusion: This study shows that children with cancer deviate more than controls, possibly suggesting a higher prevalence of genetic anomalies within this group. The results suggest that this is not sufficient to discriminate patients from controls. Further research is necessary to explore the patterns of individual variation among the overall deviation of patients and controls.

背景和目标；儿童癌症的遗传危险因素也可能影响面部形态。3D摄影可用于识别个人之间的面部形状差异。在先前的研究中，与健康对照组相比，在具有童年癌症的一组具有明显形态特征的个体中，使用3D面部摄影来识别增加的面部不对称性和与正常面部形态的更大偏差。在这项研究中，我们旨在确定通过3D面部摄影检测到的，没有先前选择的形态特征的癌症患儿与健康对照之间的面部形态是否存在差异。

方法：获得新诊断为恶性肿瘤的儿童的面部3D摄影图像。所得样品包含13种不同的癌症类型。如果患者有已知的癌症遗传原因，则将其排除在外。将患者与健康对照进行比较，根据性别，年龄和种族背景进行匹配。测量了个体面部与年龄和性别的典型对照面部的不对称程度和总体偏差。

结果：总共包括163名欧洲人后裔患者。患者和对照之间的不对称性没有明显差异。平均而言，与正常人相比，患者在年龄和性别上的偏离更大。

结论：这项研究表明，患癌症的儿童比对照组的患儿更多，这可能表明该群体中遗传异常的患病率更高。结果表明，这不足以将患者与对照区分开。有必要进行进一步的研究以探究患者和对照者总体偏差之间的个体差异模式。