Abstract: The incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders especially in children has been on the rise in recent decades, which is possibly caused by many different factors. In order to further explain this situation and arouse enough attention, this review will specifically elaborate genetic aspects and pathogenic hypothesis of these two kinds of neurodevelopmental diseases in children, autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) while analyzing the relationship between different environmental toxins and these two disorders. The effects of these pathogenic factors such as heavy metal lead, mercury, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their strong pathogenicity will be explained in detail through literature data retrieval and analysis. In addition, other neurotransmitter such as norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) signaling factors coming down to these two neurodevelopmental disorders and how their abnormal concentration present in the blood as well as the completely opposite results among experimental groups and control group will be elaborated. Furthermore, other high-risk and high-exposure factors may contribute to both diseases, such as alcohol and smoking abuse among parents, air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 in the environment will also be discussed in the review. Since these environmental toxins and other harmful substances discussed in the paper have been linked to an increasing number of children with autism and ADHD in recent decades, from the medical perspective, this review will put forward certain succinct points to the aspects of minimizing relevant exposure or risks in clinical and daily life, as well as feasible suggestions in public health area for children, parents and prospective parents, to curb the growth of these two diseases in part by raising awareness in the population and reducing unnecessary exposure.

Keywords: autism, ASD, ADHD, neurotoxins, exposure


中文翻译：

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自闭症和多动症的发生与不同因素之间的机制研究综述

摘要：近几十年来，特别是在儿童中，神经发育障碍的发病率一直在上升，这可能是由许多不同的因素引起的。为了进一步解释这种情况并引起足够的重视，本综述将具体分析儿童自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）这两种神经发育疾病的遗传学方面和致病性假设，同时分析不同环境毒素与疾病之间的关系。这两种疾病。这些致病因素如重金属铅，汞，聚氯乙烯（PVC）和多氯联苯（PCBs）的作用及其强大的致病性将通过文献数据检索和分析得到详细说明。此外，将阐述归因于这两种神经发育障碍的其他神经递质，例如去甲肾上腺素（NE）和5-羟色胺（5-HT）信号因子，以及它们在血液中的异常浓度以及实验组和对照组之间完全相反的结果。此外，其他高风险和高暴露因素也可能导致这两种疾病，例如父母之间的酗酒和抽烟，环境中的空气污染物PM2.5和PM10，也将在本综述中进行讨论。从医学的角度来看，由于最近几十年来本文讨论的这些环境毒素和其他有害物质与越来越多的自闭症和多动症儿童联系在一起，

关键字：自闭症，自闭症，多动症，神经毒素，暴露