Objective

Providing instruction for assembly tasks is essential in modern manufacturing industry, as well as in households for customers that buy products to be assembled at home. Recent technological developments might be able to assist in completing an assembly task faster and more accurately. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether performance and usability differs when instructions for an assembly task are presented on digital glasses versus paper.

Methods

Participants (n = 63) completed one of three versions of an assembly task (between-subject-design) with LEGO® bricks: (1) with paper instruction (P), (2) with text instructions presented stepwise via digital glasses (GT), (3) with stepwise text and auditory instruction (in parallel) on digital glasses (GA). Outcome measures on performance were completion time and errors. Furthermore, usability was measured by the User Experience Questionnaire, the Standardized Usability Questionnaire, the Post-Study Usability Questionnaire, and cognitive processing skills were assessed by the Trail Making Test and different versions of the Eriksen Flanker Task. Analyses were adjusted for the confounding factors age, gender, experience with glasses and LEGO, and problems with instruction.

Results

Findings indicate that task completion was faster with the paper instructions compared to both versions of instruction via digital glasses (GT, GA). We observed no difference in accuracy and usability between the instructions. “Novelty” was rated higher for instructions for both GT and GA, compared to P.

Discussion

Results show that instructions on digital glasses may not always be more effective for assembly than the traditional paper-based instructions. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether effectiveness may depend on task complexity, target group, experience of the user with task and device, and how the information is presented.

中文翻译：

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纸上说明与数字眼镜在简单组装任务中的性能差异

目标

为组装任务提供指导对于现代制造业以及在家庭中购买要在家组装的产品的客户来说都是必不可少的。最近的技术发展可能有助于更快、更准确地完成装配任务。本研究的目的是评估当组装任务的说明在数字眼镜和纸上呈现时，性能和可用性是否不同。

方法

参与者 ( n  = 63) 使用 LEGO® 积木完成了组装任务（主题间设计）的三个版本之一：(1) 使用纸质说明 (P)，(2) 使用通过数字眼镜 (GT) 逐步呈现的文本说明), (3) 在数字眼镜 (GA) 上具有逐步文本和听觉指令（并行）。绩效的结果衡量标准是完成时间和错误。此外，可用性是通过用户体验问卷、标准化可用性问卷、研究后可用性问卷来衡量的，而认知处理技能是通过 Trail Making Test 和不同版本的 Eriksen Flanker Task 来评估的。针对混杂因素年龄、性别、戴眼镜和乐高积木的经验以及教学问题对分析进行了调整。

结果

调查结果表明，与通过数字眼镜（GT、GA）的两种版本的指令相比，纸质指令的任务完成速度更快。我们观察到说明之间在准确性和可用性方面没有差异。与 P 相比，GT 和 GA 指令的“新颖性”评级更高。

讨论

结果表明，数字眼镜上的说明可能并不总是比传统的纸质说明对组装更有效。需要进一步研究以调查有效性是否取决于任务复杂性、目标群体、用户对任务和设备的体验以及信息的呈现方式。