Objectives Adults around retirement age are especially vulnerable to the effects of the recent economic downturn associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study investigated disturbances to working life and mental health among Americans aged at least 55 during the early months of the pandemic. Methods Using data from the nationwide COVID-19 Coping Study (N = 6,264), we examined rates of job loss, furloughs, hour/income reductions, and work from home, along with unchanged work status, by age, gender, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and occupation. We next described sources of worry by job transition group and tested the adjusted associations of COVID-19-related job transitions with life satisfaction, loneliness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Results Most job losses occurred among respondents younger than age 65 and those without college degrees. Job loss and reduced hours/income were more common among Hispanics compared to other racial/ethnic groups, and work from home transitions were most common among respondents with high educational attainment and jobs in government- and education-related occupations. Workers who lost their jobs had the lowest life satisfaction and the highest loneliness and depressive symptoms, followed by workers who were furloughed and workers with reduced hours/income. Work from home was associated with more anxiety than unchanged work. Discussion COVID-19-related job transitions are detrimental to mental health, even when they might keep workers safe. These results enhance our understanding of the potentially long-term mental health effects of social and economic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight the need for economic and mental health support for aging Americans.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间美国 55 岁及以上成年人的工作转换和心理健康结果

目标 接近退休年龄的成年人特别容易受到最近与 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 相关的经济衰退的影响。这项研究调查了在大流行的最初几个月中，至少 55 岁的美国人对工作生活和心理健康的干扰。方法 使用来自全国 COVID-19 应对研究（N = 6,264）的数据，我们按年龄、性别、种族/民族检查了失业率、休假率、工时/收入减少率和在家工作率，以及工作状态不变的情况、教育程度和职业。接下来，我们按工作转换组描述了担忧的来源，并测试了 COVID-19 相关工作转换与生活满意度、孤独感、抑郁症状和焦虑症状的调整关联。结果 大多数失业发生在 65 岁以下和没有大学学位的受访者中。与其他种族/族裔群体相比，失业和工作时间/收入减少在西班牙裔中更为常见，而在家过渡的工作在受过高等教育以及从事政府和教育相关职业的受访者中最为常见。失去工作的工人的生活满意度最低，孤独感和抑郁症状最高，其次是休假工人和工作时间/收入减少的工人。在家工作比不变的工作更让人焦虑。讨论 与 COVID-19 相关的工作转换不利于心理健康，即使它们可以保证工人的安全。