Abstract

Interferometry methods, which are applied for measuring quite small phase differences in fundamental and applied problems, are considered. It is shown that first improvements of the interferometric methods for measuring small phase differences to detect various physical phenomena in the second half of the 19th century and in the early 20th century were made by H. Fizeau, A.A. Michelson, E.W. Morley, Lord Rayleigh, D.C. Miller, and G. Sagnac. It is also shown that the most sensitive method of modulation interferometry was developed in 1949–1952 by Soviet radiophysicists A.A. Andronov, I.L. Bershtein, and G.S. Gorelik. Note that the method of modulation interferometry could be implemented even in 1914 using a photocell with external photoelectric effect or in 1923 using a photocell with internal photoelectric effect (photodiode). However, professional opticians used conventional methods of measuring a small phase difference at that time, and radiophysics only began to develop as science. It is shown that the methods of electric and photoelectric harmonic analysis developed in the late 19th century and in the beginning of the 20th century could be successfully applied in interferometry; however, they have been almost completely forgotten by the time of their possible practical application.

中文翻译：

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测量微小光学相位差的方法和干涉设备的发展历史（综述）

摘要

考虑了用于测量基本问题和应用问题中很小的相位差的干涉测量方法。结果表明，H。Fizeau，AA Michelson，EW Morley，Lord Rayleigh勋爵，H。Fizeau，19世纪下半叶和20世纪初对用于测量小相位差以检测各种物理现象的干涉测量方法进行了首次改进。 DC Miller和G. Sagnac。研究还表明，最敏感的调制干涉测量方法是由苏联放射物理学家AA Andronov，IL Bershtein和GS Gorelik在1949-1952年间开发的。注意，即使在1914年使用具有外部光电效应的光电管或在1923年使用具有内部光电效应的光电管（光电二极管），也可以实现调制干涉测量的方法。然而，当时，专业的配镜师使用传统的方法来测量微小的相位差，并且放射物理学才刚刚开始发展为科学。结果表明，在19世纪末和20世纪初发展起来的电和光电谐波分析方法可以成功地应用于干涉测量中。但是，它们在实际应用中几乎被人们完全忘记了。