The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a magnitude of bacteria, which are collectively known as the gut microbiome. Research has demonstrated that the gut microbiome significantly impacts the health of its host and alters the host’s risk for various chronic diseases. Many factors, such as diet, could potentially be manipulated to alter the host gut microbiome and induce subsequent preventative and/or therapeutic effects. It has been established that diet partakes in the regulation and maintenance of the gut microbiome; however, specific crosstalk between the microbiome, gut, and host has not been clearly elucidated in relation to diet. In this review of the scientific literature, we outline current knowledge of the differential effects of major plant-derived dietary constituents (fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals) on the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome.

中文翻译：

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膳食纤维，微量营养素和植物营养素对肠道微生物组的影响：综述

人的胃肠道具有一定数量的细菌，这些细菌统称为肠道微生物组。研究表明，肠道微生物组会显着影响宿主的健康，并改变宿主罹患各种慢性疾病的风险。许多因素（例如饮食）可能会被操纵以改变宿主肠道微生物组并诱导随后的预防和/或治疗作用。已经确定饮食参与肠道微生物组的调节和维持。然而，关于饮食，微生物组，肠道和宿主之间的特定串扰尚未明确阐明。在对科学文献的回顾中，我们概述了有关主要植物来源的饮食成分（纤维，植物化学物质，维生素，