Paradoxes generate tensions and contradictions in organizations. In this paper, we contribute to the paradox literature by developing a complex systems approach to how organizational members experience tensions generated by the strategic intent paradox. Specifically, we focus on the unfolding dynamics of vicious cycles experienced by organizations dealing with paradox. Drawing on a case study of a design firm, we demonstrate how a vicious cycle forms through feedback loops and develops dynamic stability over time. On the basis of our findings, we develop a micro-level understanding of vicious cycles, which incorporates defence mechanisms at staff and senior management levels. Our main contribution is a theoretical model of unfolding dynamics of vicious cycles. Our model shows the importance of (1) feedback loops that underpin a vicious cycle and (2) importance of circular causality, reinforcing cycles, and micro-mechanisms in theorizing vicious cycles.

悖论会在组织中产生紧张和矛盾。在本文中，我们通过开发一种复杂的系统方法来研究组织成员如何体验由战略意图悖论产生的紧张局势，从而为悖论文献做出贡献。具体来说，我们专注于处理悖论的组织所经历的恶性循环的发展动态。借鉴一家设计公司的案例研究，我们展示了恶性循环如何通过反馈循环形成并随着时间的推移发展动态稳定性。根据我们的发现，我们对恶性循环进行了微观层面的理解，其中包括员工和高级管理层的防御机制。我们的主要贡献是一个恶性循环展开动态的理论模型。