Significance: Digital holographic microscopy is widely used to get the quantitative phase information of transparent cells. Aim: However, the sample phase is superimposed with aberrations. To quantify the phase information, aberrations need to be fully compensated. Approach: We propose a technique to obtain aberration-free phase imaging, using the derivative-based principal component analysis (dPCA). Results: With dPCA, almost all aberrations can be extracted and compensated without requirements on background segmentation, making it efficient and convenient. Conclusions: It solves the problem that the conventional principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm cannot compensate the common but intricate higher order cross-term aberrations, such as astigmatism and coma. Moreover, the dPCA strategy proposed here is not only suitable for aberration compensation but also applicable for other cases where there exist cross-terms that cannot be analyzed with the PCA algorithm.

中文翻译：

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使用基于导数的主成分分析的无像差数字全息相位成像

意义：数字全息显微镜被广泛用于获取透明细胞的定量相位信息。目的：然而，样品相位与像差叠加。为了量化相位信息，需要完全补偿像差。方法：我们提出了一种使用基于导数的主成分分析 (dPCA) 获得无像差相位成像的技术。结果：dPCA几乎可以提取和补偿所有像差，无需背景分割，高效便捷。结论：它解决了传统的主成分分析（PCA）算法无法补偿常见但复杂的高阶交叉项像差，如散光和彗差的问题。而且，