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The evolution of norms within a society of captives
Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination ( IF 1.237 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s11403-021-00316-7
Chad W. Seagren , David Skarbek

How do norms evolve when people have no choice to opt out of social interactions? One example of such a setting is prison. Past research usually relies on ethnographic work to understand the emergence and maintenance of norms among prisoners. We instead use this rich qualitative literature to inform an agent-based model to demonstrate how norms evolve in response to demographic changes in prison. In the model, agents play a one-shot, though possibly repeated, prisoner’s dilemma with other agents. Agents lack the ability to decline to play with their selected opponent. We consider tag-mediated play and norm enforcement as mechanisms to facilitate prisoner cooperation and to examine the effects of increasing prison populations and increasing ethnic heterogeneity on the maintenance of cooperative norms. We also calibrate the model with empirical data from the California prison system. Parameters of the model correspond to demographic changes between 1951 and 2016, where the size of the prison population increased 14-fold and ethnic heterogeneity by 30%. Simulation results show that such changes dramatically decrease levels of cooperation and compliance. These results are consistent with the actual observed breakdown of the cooperative norms in California prisons.



中文翻译:

圈养社会中规范的演变

当人们别无选择地退出社交互动时,规范将如何演变?这种情况的一个例子是监狱。过去的研究通常依靠人种志研究来了解囚犯规范的出现和维持。相反,我们使用这些丰富的定性文献为基于代理的模型提供信息,以证明规范如何根据监狱中的人口变化而发展。在该模型中,特工与其他特工一起玩囚徒困境,尽管可能会重复。特工缺乏拒绝与所选对手比赛的能力。我们将标签介导的游戏和规范执行视为促进囚犯合作的机制,并研究不断增加的监狱人口和种族异质性对维持合作规范的影响。我们还使用来自加利福尼亚监狱系统的经验数据对模型进行了校准。该模型的参数对应于1951年至2016年之间的人口变化,监狱人口规模增加了14倍,种族异质性增加了30%。仿真结果表明,这种变化大大降低了合作和合规水平。这些结果与在加利福尼亚监狱中观察到的合作规范的实际分解是一致的。

更新日期:2021-04-09
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