Interfacial solar vapor generation, an efficient, sustainable, and low-cost method for producing clean water, has attracted great interest for application in solar desalination and wastewater treatment. Although recent studies indicated significant enhancement of overall performance by developing photothermal materials and constructing different dimensional systems, stable evaporation performance and long-term operation of the evaporator are hindered by severe scaling issues. In this critical review, we present the latest strategies in reducing salt accumulation on the evaporator for solar desalination and brine treatment. We first demonstrate the consequences of salt accumulation, and then discuss various self-cleaning methods based on bio-inspired concepts and other strategies such as physical cleaning, ion rejection and exchange, fast ion diffusion, and controlled crystallization, etc. Importantly, we discuss and address the rational design of the evaporator via establishing a relationship model between its porosity, thickness, and thermal conductivity. Lastly, we evaluate salt-resistance strategies, evaporation performance, and possibilities of real application in different evaporation systems with scaling-resistant abilities.

界面太阳蒸气的产生是一种高效，可持续和低成本的生产清洁水的方法，已引起人们对在太阳能淡化和废水处理中的应用的极大兴趣。尽管最近的研究表明，通过开发光热材料和构建不同尺寸的系统可以显着提高整体性能，但是严重的结垢问题阻碍了稳定的蒸发性能和蒸发器的长期运行。在这篇重要的综述中，我们介绍了减少盐分在蒸发器上进行太阳能淡化和盐水处理的最新策略。我们首先演示盐分累积的后果，然后讨论基于生物启发概念和其他策略（例如物理清洁，离子排斥和交换，重要的是，我们通过建立蒸发器的孔隙率，厚度和热导率之间的关系模型来讨论和解决蒸发器的合理设计。最后，我们评估了耐盐性策略，蒸发性能以及在具有防垢功能的不同蒸发系统中实际应用的可能性。