A case study was conducted with the objective to determine the effects of the tanniferous legume sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on protein utilisation of dairy cows, which were exposed to excessive dietary crude protein during autumn pasture grazing in a zero-concentrate feeding system. The study was conducted under practical conditions, deliberately accepting a certain lack of controllable variables. In order to assess a system applicable in practice, relatively small amounts of sainfoin were offered, and graded supply levels were compared by varying the duration of offer instead of dietary concentration. Within one dairy herd of 60 Swiss Fleckvieh cows, 30 individuals were chosen and randomly allocated to three groups balanced for milk yield, milk urea concentration, days in milk and parity. Over a period of 5 weeks, 2 kg per cow and day of sainfoin pellets were provided either intermittently, for 2 × 5 days (SST) in weeks 3 and 5 of the experiment or continuously over 35 days (SLT). A control group (CON) received 2 kg per cow and day of ryegrass pellets during the 5 weeks. The entire herd grazed on a protein-rich natural sward and was kept overnight in an open-space barn receiving fresh grass and hay ad libitum. Experimental pellets were offered individually twice per day in buckets. Feed, milk, faeces and urine samples were collected in weeks 0 (baseline), 3 and 5. Milk was analysed for fat, protein and urea, urine for purine derivatives, creatinine and nitrogen, and faeces for protein, fibre and particle fractions. During three sampling weeks, chewing activity was recorded by sensor halters. Treatment SST increased rumination time in the first half of the day, which was the only treatment effect on intake and rumination behaviour. Milk fat and protein yields were greater in SST compared to CON, but no treatment effect on concentration and yield of milk urea was found. The proportion of particle fractions in faeces was smaller in both sainfoin treatments compared to CON. In urine, the ratio of purine derivatives to creatinine tended to be higher in SST than in CON, and total urinary nitrogen excretion was lower, indicating a slightly better protein efficiency in SST. In summary, the study revealed small positive effects on protein metabolism and yield when sainfoin was applied short-term over two short periods, whereas long-term application had no effect.

进行了一项案例研究，目的是确定单宁豆科皂甙（Onobrychis viciifolia）的作用。）奶牛的蛋白质利用率，这些奶牛在零浓度饲喂系统下的秋季牧场放牧期间暴露于过多的日粮粗蛋白中。该研究是在实际条件下进行的，故意接受了某些缺乏可控变量的问题。为了评估可在实践中应用的系统，提供了相对较少量的皂甙，并通过改变提供时间（而不是饮食浓度）来比较分级供应水平。在60头瑞士Fleckvieh奶牛的一头奶牛群中，选择了30头奶牛，并随机分配到三组，每组的牛奶产量，牛奶尿素浓度，牛奶天数和均价保持平衡。在5周的时间里，每头牛每天要补充2公斤的皂素颗粒，或者间歇地提供，在实验的第3周和第5周进行2×5天（SST）或连续35天以上（SLT）。对照组（CON）在5周内每头母牛接受2 kg的黑麦草颗粒。整个牛群都吃了富含蛋白质的天然草皮，并在一个空旷的谷仓里放了整夜，里面存放着新鲜的草和干草。随意。每天两次分别在桶中提供实验性小球。在第0周（基线），第3和5周收集饲料，牛奶，粪便和尿液样品。分析牛奶中的脂肪，蛋白质和尿素，分析尿液中的嘌呤衍生物，肌酐和氮，以及粪便中的蛋白质，纤维和颗粒级分。在三个采样周内，传感器笼头记录了咀嚼活动。SST处理在上半天增加了反刍时间，这是唯一对摄入量和反刍行为产生影响的治疗方法。与CON相比，SST中的牛奶脂肪和蛋白质产量更高，但未发现对牛奶尿素浓度和产量的处理效果。与CON相比，两种皂苷处理中粪便中颗粒部分的比例均较小。在尿液中 SST中嘌呤衍生物与肌酐的比例倾向于比CON中的更高，总尿中氮的排泄率较低，这表明SST中的蛋白质效率略高。总之，该研究表明，在两个短时期内短期施用皂苷时，对蛋白质代谢和产量的积极影响较小，而长期施用则无作用。