The aim of this review is to compile up-to-date information on the superworm, Zophobas morio (F.), regarding its biology and ecology, but also its further potential for use as a nutrient source for food and feed. We illustrate certain basic characteristics of the morphology and bio-ecology of this species, which is marginally considered as a ‘pest’ in durable amylaceous commodities. More recent data show that Z. morio can be a valuable nutrient and antimicrobial source that could be utilized further in insect-based feed and food production. The inclusion of this species in aquafeed has provided promising results in a wide range of feeding trials, both in terms of fish development and health. Additional data illustrate its potential for use in poultry, indicating that this species provides comparable results with those of other insect species that are used in feed. Moreover, Z. morio can be a viable waste management agent. This review aims to summarize the available data and underline data gaps for future research, toward the potential of the utilization of Z. morio for human food and animal feed. Based on the data presented, Z. morio appears to be a well-promising insect-based protein source, which potential still remains to be unfold.

中文翻译：

---

超级蠕虫 Zophobas morio（鞘翅目：Tenebrionidae）：营养来源中的“沉睡巨人”

本综述的目的是汇编关于超级蠕虫 Zophobas morio (F.) 的最新信息，包括其生物学和生态学，以及其作为食物和饲料营养来源的进一步潜力。我们说明了该物种的形态和生物生态学的某些基本特征，在耐用淀粉类商品中被略微视为“害虫”。最近的数据表明，Z. morio 可以成为一种有价值的营养和抗菌来源，可以进一步用于以昆虫为基础的饲料和食品生产中。将该物种纳入水产饲料中，在鱼类发育和健康方面的广泛喂养试验中提供了有希望的结果。其他数据说明了其在家禽中使用的潜力，表明该物种提供了与饲料中使用的其他昆虫物种相当的结果。此外，Z. morio 可以成为一种可行的废物管理剂。这篇综述旨在总结可用数据并强调未来研究的数据差距，以期将 Z. morio 用于人类食品和动物饲料的潜力。根据所提供的数据，Z. morio 似乎是一种很有前途的基于昆虫的蛋白质来源，其潜力仍有待发挥。