Eating behavior is not only influenced by the current energy balance, but also by the behavioral characteristics of eating. One of the recognized eating behavior constructs is ‘disinhibited eating’, which refers to the tendency to overeat in response to negative emotional states or the presence of highly palatable foods. Food-related disinhibition is involved in binge eating, weight gain, and obesity and is also associated with the trait of impulsivity, which in turn, is linked to weight gain or maladaptive eating. However, the relationships among food-related disinhibition, the trait of impulsivity, and the neural substrates of eating behaviors in adolescence remain unclear. Therefore, we designed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to examine the associations between brain responses to palatable liquid consumption and disinhibited eating behavior or impulsivity in healthy adolescents. Thirty-four adolescents (mean age ± standard deviation = 17.12  1.91 years, age range = 14–19 years, boys = 15, girls = 19) participated in this study. Disinhibited eating was assessed with the disinhibition subscale of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, while impulsivity was assessed using the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Participants received two fMRI sessionsa palatable liquid consumption fMRI and a resting-state fMRI. The fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively associated with a greater insular response to palatable liquid consumption, while increased impulsivity was positively correlated with a greater amygdala response. The resting-state fMRI experiment showed that increased disinhibited eating was positively correlated with strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and the amygdala, adjusting for sex (estimates of the beta coefficients = 0.146, standard error = 0.068, p = 0.040). Given that the amygdala and insular cortex are structurally and functionally connected and involved in trait impulsivity and ingestive behavior, our findings suggest that increased disinhibited eating would be associated with impulsivity via strengthened intrinsic functional connectivity between the insula and amygdala and linked to maladaptive eating.

中文翻译：

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禁食和冲动性与胰岛素和杏仁核对可口液体消耗的反应之间的关系

饮食行为不仅受到当前能量平衡的影响，而且还受到饮食行为特征的影响。公认的进食行为构造之一是“禁止进食”，它是指由于负面的情绪状态或高度可口的食物而导致饮食过量的趋势。与食物有关的禁忌症与暴饮暴食，体重增加和肥胖有关，并且还与冲动性有关，冲动性又与体重增加或适应不良的饮食有关。但是，与食物相关的禁忌，冲动性和青春期饮食行为的神经基础之间的关系仍然不清楚。所以，我们设计了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，以检查健康青少年大脑对可口液体消耗的反应与抑制饮食行为或冲动性之间的关联。34名青少年（平均年龄±标准差= 17.121.91岁，年龄范围= 14-19岁，男孩= 15，女孩= 19）参加了这项研究。用三因素饮食问卷中的抑制性次级量表评估了禁食，而使用Barratt冲动量表评估了冲动性。参与者接受了两次功能磁共振成像会议–美味的液体消耗功能磁共振成像和静止状态功能磁共振成像。功能磁共振成像实验表明，抑制饮食的增加与对可食用液体的更大岛突反应呈正相关，冲动性增加与杏仁核反应增强呈正相关。静息状态fMRI实验表明，抑制饮食的增加与孤立质之间的绝缘和杏仁核之间的固有功能连接性增强呈正相关（β系数= 0.146，标准误= 0.068，p = 0.040）。鉴于杏仁核和岛状皮层在结构和功能上相互联系并参与特质冲动和食性行为，我们的研究结果表明，抑制性进食的增加与冲动有关，这是由于岛底和杏仁核之间固有的功能连接性增强，并且与不良适应性进食有关。静息状态fMRI实验表明，抑制饮食的增加与孤立质之间的绝缘和杏仁核之间的固有功能连接性增强呈正相关（β系数= 0.146，标准误= 0.068，p = 0.040）。鉴于杏仁核和岛状皮层在结构和功能上相互联系并参与特质冲动和食性行为，我们的研究结果表明，抑制性进食的增加与冲动有关，这是由于岛底和杏仁核之间固有的功能连接性增强，并且与不良适应性进食有关。静息状态fMRI实验表明，抑制饮食的增加与孤立质之间的绝缘和杏仁核之间的固有功能连接性增强呈正相关（β系数= 0.146，标准误= 0.068，p = 0.040）。鉴于杏仁核和岛状皮层在结构和功能上相互联系并参与特质冲动和食性行为，我们的研究结果表明，抑制性进食的增加与冲动有关，这是由于岛底和杏仁核之间固有的功能连接性增强，并且与不良适应性进食有关。