The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is an important intermediate step for cancer metastasis. It has become one of the most promising targets of “liquid biopsy”, on account of providing complete information of cell biology. However, due to the extremely rarity, complex environment and strong heterogeneity of CTC in peripheral blood, the development of efficient enrichment and separation methods are the key in the accurate detection of CTC. Currently reported CTC enrichment and analysis techniques are mainly based on the physical or biological characteristics of CTC. They are commonly combined with the traditional techniques including density gradient centrifugation, superfine membrane filtration and immunomagnetic separation, the novel methods such as microfluidic chip separation and two-dimensional electrophoresis-field separation, and the analysis techniques such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, photoacoustic imaging, surface-enhancement Raman scattering and electrochemistry to realize accurate detection of CTC. In this review, we summarized the recent processes on enrichment and novel detection methods of CTC and discussed the challenges and their clinical application status, which could provide reference for the further improvement of the technology of enrichment, accurate counting and molecular phenotype analysis for CTC, as well as the application in scientific research and clinical practice.

外周血中循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的传播是癌症转移的重要中间步骤。由于提供了完整的细胞生物学信息，它已成为“液体活检”最有希望的目标之一。然而，由于外周血中四氯化碳的极度稀少，复杂的环境和强烈的异质性，开发有效的富集和分离方法是准确检测四氯化碳的关键。当前报道的四氯化碳富集和分析技术主要基于四氯化碳的物理或生物学特性。它们通常与传统技术结合使用，包括密度梯度离心，超细膜过滤和免疫磁分离，微流控芯片分离和二维电泳场分离等新方法，以及逆转录聚合酶链反应，流式细胞仪，免疫细胞化学，光声成像，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学等分析技术，可实现对反恐委员会。在这篇综述中，我们总结了四氯化碳富集的最新过程和新颖的检测方法，并讨论了挑战及其临床应用现状，为进一步改进四氯化碳的富集技术，准确计数和分子表型分析提供了参考，以及在科学研究和临床实践中的应用。流式细胞仪，免疫细胞化学，光声成像，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学，可实现对CTC的准确检测。在这篇综述中，我们总结了四氯化碳富集的最新过程和新颖的检测方法，并讨论了挑战及其临床应用现状，为进一步改进四氯化碳的富集技术，准确计数和分子表型分析提供了参考，以及在科学研究和临床实践中的应用。流式细胞仪，免疫细胞化学，光声成像，表面增强拉曼散射和电化学，可实现对CTC的准确检测。在这篇综述中，我们总结了四氯化碳富集的最新过程和新颖的检测方法，并讨论了挑战及其临床应用现状，为进一步改进四氯化碳的富集技术，准确计数和分子表型分析提供了参考，以及在科学研究和临床实践中的应用。