Hindsight bias is a phenomenon that occurs when outcome knowledge interferes with the ability to accurately recall judgments made in a previous, naïve state. Also known as the “knew it all along” bias, we aimed to diminish the bias by having individuals take the perspective of a naïve other, as a way of encouraging acceptance that they had, in fact, not known it all along. Adult participants were given blurry-to-clear images incrementally until they were able to identify the object and were then re-presented with the same sequence of images and asked to make a judgment about when they had identified the item correctly the first time. They were also asked to judge when they thought a naïve peer (Experiments 1 and 2), or a naïve child (Experiment 2) could identify the objects. Results showed a robust hindsight bias in all perspectives, and sporadic success at eliminating the bias. When taking the perspective of a naïve peer, there were failures and successes; when taking the perspective of a naïve child, there was an ultra-debiasing, or a reverse hindsight bias. However, did the manipulation backfire? We conclude that while the manipulation of thinking like a naïve child may have eliminated the bias, participants seemed to use an “adults know best” rule rather than accepting past naivete for themselves.

后见之明当结果知识干扰准确地回忆起以前的幼稚状态下的判断的能力时，就会发生这种现象。我们也被称为“始终了解”偏见，旨在通过让人们以幼稚的他人的观点来减少偏见，以此鼓励人们接受他们事实上一直都不了解的偏见。成年参与者逐渐获得模糊图像到清晰的图像，直到他们能够识别出物体，然后以相同的图像序列重新呈现出来，并要求他们判断他们何时第一次正确识别了该物品。他们还被要求判断何时认为天真的同伴（实验1和2）或天真的孩子（实验2）可以识别物体。结果表明，从各个角度来看，后见之明都存在偏见 并在消除偏见方面取得了零星的成功。从幼稚的同龄人的角度来看，失败和成功都是存在的。当从一个天真的孩子的角度来看时，会有超偏见或后见之明的偏见。但是，操纵是否适得其反？我们得出的结论是，虽然像天真的孩子一样进行思维处理可能已经消除了偏见，但参与者似乎使用“成人最了解”的规则，而不是自己接受过去的天真。