Plasticity of the cerebral cortex following a modification of the sensorimotor experience takes place in several steps that can last from few hours to several months. Among the mechanisms involved in the dynamic modulation of the cerebral cortex in adults, it is commonly proposed that short-term plasticity reflects changes in synaptic connections. Here, we were interested in the time-course of synaptic plasticity taking place in the somatosensory primary cortex all along a 14-day period of sensorimotor perturbation (SMP), as well as during a recovery phase up to 24 h. Activation and expression level of pre- (synapsin 1, synaptophysin, synaptotagmin 1) and postsynaptic (AMPA and NMDA receptors) proteins, postsynaptic density scaffold proteins (PSD-95 and Shank2), and cytoskeletal proteins (neurofilaments-L and M, β3-tubulin, synaptopodin, N-cadherin) were determined in cortical tissue enriched in synaptic proteins. During the SMP period, most changes were observed as soon as D7 in the presynaptic compartment and were followed, at D14, by changes in the postsynaptic compartment. These changes persisted at least until 24 h of recovery. Proteins involved in synapse structure (scaffolding, adhesion, cytoskeletal) were mildly affected and almost exclusively at D14. We concluded that experience-dependent reorganization of somatotopic cortical maps is accompanied by changes in synaptic transmission with a very close time-course.

改变感觉运动体验后，大脑皮层的可塑性分几个步骤进行，可持续数小时至数月不等。在涉及成人大脑皮层动态调节的机制中，通常认为短期可塑性反映了突触连接的变化。在这里，我们对在感觉运动扰动 (SMP) 的 14 天期间以及长达 24 小时的恢复阶段期间发生在体感初级皮层中的突触可塑性的时间过程感兴趣。前（突触素 1、突触素、突触结合蛋白 1）和突触后（AMPA 和 NMDA 受体）蛋白、突触后密度支架蛋白（PSD-95 和 Shank2）和细胞骨架蛋白（神经丝-L 和 M、β3-）的激活和表达水平微管蛋白、突触素、N-钙粘蛋白）在富含突触蛋白的皮质组织中测定。在 SMP 期间，大多数变化在 D7 时就在突触前隔室中观察到，随后在 D14 时出现突触后隔室的变化。这些变化至少持续到恢复 24 小时。涉及突触结构（支架、粘附、细胞骨架）的蛋白质受到轻微影响，几乎只在 D14 受到影响。我们得出结论，体细胞皮层图的经验依赖性重组伴随着突触传递的变化，时间过程非常接近。这些变化至少持续到恢复 24 小时。涉及突触结构（支架、粘附、细胞骨架）的蛋白质受到轻微影响，几乎只在 D14 受到影响。我们得出结论，体细胞皮层图的经验依赖性重组伴随着突触传递的变化，时间过程非常接近。这些变化至少持续到恢复 24 小时。涉及突触结构（支架、粘附、细胞骨架）的蛋白质受到轻微影响，几乎只在 D14 受到影响。我们得出结论，体细胞皮层图的经验依赖性重组伴随着突触传递的变化，时间过程非常接近。