Abstract

Avian mycoplasmosis mainly caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and M. synoviae is an economically important disease of poultry industry. It causes huge economic losses in terms of decrease in weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, egg production, hatchability; increase in embryo mortality, carcass condemnation, prophylaxis and treatment cost in broiler, layer and breeder flocks. The disease is caused by four major pathogenic mycoplasmas viz., M. gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), M. meleagradis (MM) and M. iowae (MI). The MG and MS are World Organization for Animal Health listed respiratory pathogens. MG causes chronic respiratory disease in chicken and infectious sinusitis in turkey; however, MS causes synovitis and airsacculitis in birds. The infection is transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Prevention and control measures of avian mycoplasmosis mainly comprises of biosecurity, treatment and vaccination. For vaccination of birds, inactivated bacterins, live attenuated and/or recombinant live poxvirus vaccines are commercially available against MG and MS infection. The present systematic review summarizes the different epidemiological studies carried out on MG and MS infection in poultry in different geographical locations of India and abroad over the last decade (2010–2020), economic impact, diagnosis and prevention and control.

摘要

禽支原体病主要由鸡毒支原体和滑膜支原体引起，是养禽业的一种重要经济病害。在增重下降、饲料转化率、产蛋量、孵化率等方面造成巨大的经济损失；肉鸡、蛋鸡和种鸡群的胚胎死亡率、胴体报废率、预防和治疗成本增加。该疾病由四种主要致病性支原体引起，即鸡毒支原体(MG) 、滑膜支原体(MS)、麻风支原体(MM) 和衣阿华支原体(MI)。MG 和 MS 是世界动物卫生组织列出的呼吸道病原体。MG 引起鸡的慢性呼吸道疾病和火鸡的传染性鼻窦炎；然而，MS 会导致鸟类滑膜炎和气囊炎。感染水平和垂直传播。禽支原体病的防治措施主要包括生物安全、治疗和疫苗接种。对于鸟类的疫苗接种，灭活菌苗、减毒活疫苗和/或重组活痘病毒疫苗可在市场上买到，以对抗 MG 和 MS 感染。本系统综述总结了过去十年（2010-2020 年）在印度和国外不同地理位置的家禽中对 MG 和 MS 感染进行的不同流行病学研究、经济影响、诊断和预防和控制。