The present experiment was designed to assess the role of glycine betaine (GB) on growth, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant system, yield and quality of Brassica juncea L. cv. Pusa Agrani. Four graded concentrations of GB, i.e. 0, 10, 20 or 30 mM were applied as foliar spray at 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS). The plants were sampled at 80 DAS to analyze growth, physio-biochemical, microscopical and histochemical parameters. Yield and quality parameters were analyzed at 120 DAS. The data revealed that the increasing levels of GB up to 20 mM enhanced growth characters, net photosynthetic rate and its associated attributes, carbonic anhydrase, GB content, proline content, nitrate reductase activity, antioxidant enzymes activities, carbohydrate content, potassium content and yield and quality parameters. Additionally, the graded levels of GB up to 20 mM modulated histochemical studies (superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation) and microscopic studies (stomatal aperture, root cell viability and H₂O₂ production). No further improvement in various parameters was observed after 20 mM GB. However, proline and GB contents were found to be improved with GB in a concentration dependent manner. It may be concluded that two sprays of 20 mM GB proved to be the best for this crop.

本实验旨在评估甘氨酸甜菜碱（GB）对芥菜的生长，光合效率，抗氧化系统，产量和品质的作用L.简历 普萨·阿格拉尼（Pusa Agrani）。播种后50天和70天（DAS）以叶面喷洒施用4级浓度的GB，即0、10、20或30 mM。在80 DAS对植物进行采样，以分析生长，生理生化，显微和组织化学参数。在120 DAS下分析了产量和质量参数。数据显示，高达20 mM的GB增加水平增强了生长特性，净光合速率及其相关属性，碳酸酐酶，GB含量，脯氨酸含量，硝酸还原酶活性，抗氧化酶活性，碳水化合物含量，钾含量和产量，以及质量参数。此外，高达20 mM的GB分级水平调节了组织化学研究（超氧阴离子和过氧化氢（H ₂ O ₂）生成和显微镜研究（气孔孔径，根细胞活力和H ₂ O ₂产生）。20 mM GB后未观察到各种参数的进一步改善。然而，发现脯氨酸和GB含量可以通过GB浓度依赖性的方式得到改善。可以得出的结论是，两次喷洒20 mM GB的喷雾剂被证明是该作物的最佳喷雾剂。