Many Pacific islands are facing increasing anthropogenic threats including climatic impacts on the fisheries which provide communities’ livelihoods and food security. Knowledge of these communities’ social adaptive capacity is critical to inform climate adaptation planning and fisheries management in the region. The present study examines social adaptive capacity in four fishing communities in the Federated States of Micronesia and Guam. Researchers used a framework based on five social adaptive capacity factors (diversity and flexibility, access to assets, learning and knowledge, governance and institutions, and agency) to develop indicators that were relevant to the study sites and conducted 262 household surveys, seven focus groups with 45 participants, and 25 key informant interviews. A combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses shows: high levels of livelihood flexibility and perceived agency to address climate risks; social networks as most vital community asset; significant utility of traditional knowledge combined with scientific information; and, the need for governments and leadership to develop effective sustainable fisheries governance that prevents further fisheries resource degradation and helps develop alternative sustainable livelihoods for fishers.

许多太平洋岛屿正面临着越来越多的人为威胁，包括对渔业的气候影响，渔业为社区的生计和粮食安全提供了保障。了解这些社区的社会适应能力对于为该地区的气候适应计划和渔业管理提供信息至关重要。本研究调查了密克罗尼西亚联邦和关岛四个捕鱼社区的社会适应能力。研究人员使用了基于五个社会适应能力因素（多样性和灵活性，获得资产，学习与知识，治理和机构以及代理机构）的框架来开发与研究地点相关的指标，并进行了262次家庭调查，七个焦点小组有45位参与者和25位关键线人访谈。定性和定量分析相结合，显示出：高水平的生计灵活性和应对气候风险的能力。社交网络是最重要的社区资产；传统知识与科学信息相结合的重要应用；以及政府和领导层需要发展有效的可持续渔业治理，以防止进一步的渔业资源退化，并帮助发展渔民的替代性可持续生计。