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Understanding the Phylogenetics of Indian Hoolock Gibbons: Hoolock hoolock and H. leuconedys
International Journal of Primatology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s10764-021-00212-8
Mihir Trivedi , Shivakumara Manu , Sanjaay Balakrishnan , Jihosuo Biswas , N. V. K. Asharaf , Govindhaswamy Umapathy

Information about the taxonomy and geographical distribution of a species is essential to understand its evolution and for conservation efforts. The phylogeny of the Hylobatidae remains unclear. India is reported to have one species of Hoolock gibbon (Hoolock hoolock) but a recent study based on pelage colour suggested that another species, H. leuconedys, occurs in the Mishmi Hills between the Dibang and Nao Dehing rivers in Arunachal Pradesh. We examined whether H. leuconedys occurs in India and its evolutionary relationships with other Hylobatidae species. We collected blood, tissue, and fecal samples from various populations of H. hoolock (N = 17) and the Mishmi Hills gibbons (N = 14) from their distribution in Northeast India, zoos, and rescues centers. We isolated DNA from these samples and constructed phylogenetic trees using partial D-loop and COI markers. We also performed whole mitochondrial analysis to study the phylogenetics of the Hylobatidae family. Our genetic analysis showed that none of the samples from India were H. leuconedys, and that all samples from the Mishmi Hills could be assigned to H. hoolock. Our mitogenome analysis supported this conclusion. We estimate that gibbon divergence from a common ancestor occurred 8.38 mya and that the split between H. hoolock and H. leuconedys occurred 1.49 mya. These findings will facilitate exchange of individuals from different zoos for captive breeding programs and conservation and management of wild populations of these gibbons.



中文翻译:

了解印度霍洛克长臂猿的系统发生学:霍洛克hoolock和H. leuconedys

有关物种分类和地理分布的信息对于理解其进化和保护工作至关重要。蛇纹亚科的系统发育仍不清楚。据报道,印度有一种长臂猿长臂猿(Hoolock hoolock),但最近一项基于色的研究表明,另一种H.leuconedys发生在阿鲁纳恰尔邦的迪邦河和纳德兴河之间的米什米山上。我们检查了H.leuconedyss是否在印度发生,以及它与其他Hylobatidae物种的进化关系。我们从H. hoolockN = 17)和Mishmi Hills长臂猿(N= 14)来自印度东北部,动物园和救援中心的分布。我们从这些样品中分离了DNA,并使用部分D环和COI标记构建了系统树。我们还进行了整个线粒体分析,以研究the科的系统发育。我们的遗传分析表明,来自印度的样本都不是白线虫H. leuconedys),而且来自米什米山(Mishmi Hills)的所有样本都可以归属于霍洛克。我们的有丝分裂基因组分析支持了这一结论。我们估计长臂猿与共同祖先的发散发生在8.38玛雅,H. hoolockH. leuconedys之间的分裂发生了1.49 mya。这些发现将有助于交换来自不同动物园的个体进行圈养繁殖计划,以及保护和管理这些长臂猿的野生种群。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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