A detailed sedimentological investigation of the Baluti Formation (Late Triassic) in the Warte section, Imbricated Zone, northeastern Kurdistan region of Iraq has been undertaken for the first time. The formation is comprised of 34 m of dolomitic limestone, marly limestone, and marly dolomitic limestone which is partially brecciated and all interbedded with shale and several beds of marl in the lower part. Based on the field observations and petrographic inspections, four different lithostratigraphic units were identified in the studied section, which are, in ascending order: marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with marl and shale unit, brecciated marly dolomitic limestone interbedded with shale unit, fractured marly dolomitic limestone unit, and marly limestone interbedded with shale unit. The petrographic study of 19 thin sections of Baluti carbonates shows that the majority are composed of carbonate mud (micrite). The skeletal grains include ostracods, calcispheres, benthonic foraminifera, gastropods, bivalves, clasts, and bioclasts. While non-skeletal grains include peloids, intraclasts, and extraclasts. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) of five samples and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of three samples of the shale and marl of the studied formation show that the main clay mineral is illite, whereas non-clay mineral is dolomite. The carbonate rocks of the Baluti Formation were subjected to different diagenetic processes, such as micritization, dolomitization, cementation, compaction, solution, pyritization, neomorphism, and fracturing. Three main microfacies were identified in the Baluti carbonates and according to their environmental interpretation, they are grouped into one basic type of facies association—subtidal-semi restricted lagoon. Field observation, petrographic, microfacies, and textural analysis indicate that the Baluti Formation in the Warte section was deposited in a shallow marine, subtidal (lagoon) environment with semi-restricted conditions.

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伊拉克库尔德斯坦东北部瓦尔特地区巴鲁蒂组（晚三叠世）沉积学

首次对伊拉克东北部库尔德斯坦地区叠瓦带瓦特剖面的巴鲁蒂组（晚三叠世）进行了详细的沉积学调查。该地层由 34 m 的白云质灰岩、泥灰质灰岩和泥灰质白云质灰岩组成，部分角砾岩，下部均夹有页岩和几层泥灰岩层。根据野外观测和岩相学考察，研究断面共识别出4个不同的岩石地层单元，依次为：泥灰质白云质灰岩夹泥灰岩和页岩单元、角砾状泥质白云质灰岩夹页岩单元、裂隙泥灰质白云质灰岩单元，以及泥灰岩与页岩单元互层。对 Baluti 碳酸盐岩 19 个薄片的岩相研究表明，大部分由碳酸盐泥（泥晶）组成。骨骼颗粒包括介形动物、钙球、底栖有孔虫、腹足动物、双壳类、碎屑和生物碎屑。而非骨骼颗粒包括 peloids、碎屑内和碎屑外。5个样品的X射线衍射（XRD）和3个样品的扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果表明，研究地层的页岩和泥灰岩的主要粘土矿物为伊利石，而非粘土矿物为白云石。巴鲁提组碳酸盐岩经历了微晶化、白云石化、胶结、压实、溶解、黄铁矿化、新形作用和压裂等不同的成岩作用。在 Baluti 碳酸盐岩中确定了三种主要的微相，根据它们的环境解释，它们被归为一种基本类型的相组合——潮下半受限泻湖。实地观察、岩相学、微相和结构分析表明，Warte 剖面的 Baluti 组沉积在半限制条件的浅海、潮下（泻湖）环境中。