Purpose

This paper is an attempt to analyze the nature and extent of social exclusion across regions, ethnolinguistic groups and different professions in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

By using household level data of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey, the authors have constructed Social Exclusion Index (SEI) as well as multidimensional deprivation scores across of the households. SEI has been developed by using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) whereas multidimensional deprivation scores have been calculated by following the methodology proposed by Alkire and Foster 2011. In total nine household level indicators related with living standards, education and health have been used for this purpose. In next step the relationship of different household characteristics such as profession of household head region of residence and ethnolinguistic identity has been explored with SEI and multidimensional deprivation scores.

Findings

The empirical results of our analysis show that even after controlling for the income of household, SEI and multidimensional deprivation scores have been found to be significantly different across different professions, different regions and different linguistic groups.

Originality/value

This confirms the prevalence of social exclusion in Pakistani society. Compensatory government policies are suggested as an option to cope with the problem of social exclusion.

中文翻译：

---

巴基斯坦的社会排斥：人种学和区域视角

目的

本文试图分析巴基斯坦各个地区，民族语言群体和不同职业之间社会排斥的性质和程度。

设计/方法/方法

通过使用巴基斯坦社会和生活水平衡量调查的家庭水平数据，作者构建了社会排斥指数（SEI）以及各个家庭的多维剥夺评分。SEI是通过使用多重对应分析（MCA）制定的，而多维剥夺分数是根据Alkire和Foster 2011提出的方法计算的。为此，总共使用了9个与生活水平，教育和健康相关的家庭水平指标。下一步，通过SEI和多维剥夺评分，探索了不同家庭特征的关系，例如住所户头地区的职业和民族语言认同。

发现

我们的分析结果表明，即使控制了家庭收入，SEI和多维剥夺得分在不同的职业，不同的地区和不同的语言群体之间也存在显着差异。

创意/价值

这证实了巴基斯坦社会普遍存在社会排斥。建议采用补偿性政府政策作为应对社会排斥问题的一种选择。