The gain degradations of an Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) during the exposure of its active Er-doped fiber to 40 keV X-rays (≈2.7 mrad(SiO₂) s⁻¹ up to 300 krad) at three different temperatures: −40, 25, and 120 °C, are characterized. The spectral dependence of the fiber radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) is monitored in situ in the 900–1600 nm spectral range, highlighting a combined temperature and radiation effect on the near-infrared RIA levels and kinetics. At the system level, the kinetics of EDFA gain degradation are only slightly affected by varying the irradiation temperature for the tested backward pumping EDFA configuration. On the theoretical side, a homemade computer code based on the particle swarm optimization and the rate equations to model the radiation behavior of EDFA is used, considering only the RIA impact on its gain. Despite a good agreement between experimental and simulation results below the dose of 70 krad corresponding to current space missions, the comparison between the modeled and measured gain degradation kinetics at higher doses shows that a more precise modeling of the temperature impact on the absorption properties of the erbium ions is necessary to better reproduce the EDFA radiation behavior for future space missions.

中文翻译：

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温度对掺铒光纤放大器辐射响应的影响

掺铒光纤放大器 (EDFA) 在其有源掺铒光纤暴露于 40 keV X 射线 (≈2.7 mrad(SiO ₂ ) s ^-1 ) 期间的增益衰减高达 300 krad) 在三种不同的温度下：-40、25 和 120 °C，进行了表征。在 900-1600 nm 光谱范围内原位监测光纤辐射诱导衰减 (RIA) 的光谱依赖性，突出了温度和辐射对近红外 RIA 水平和动力学的综合影响。在系统级别，EDFA 增益退化的动力学仅受测试的反向泵浦 EDFA 配置的辐照温度变化的轻微影响。在理论方面，使用基于粒子群优化和速率方程的自制计算机代码来模拟 EDFA 的辐射行为，仅考虑 RIA 对其增益的影响。尽管在与当前太空任务相对应的 70 krad 剂量以下的实验和模拟结果之间存在良好的一致性，