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Modeling impacts of broad-scale plantation forestry on ecosystem services in the past 60 years and for the future
Ecosystem Services ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101271
Yuichi Yamaura , Yusuke Yamada , Toshiya Matsuura , Koji Tamai , Hisatomo Taki , Tamotsu Sato , Shoji Hashimoto , Wataru Murakami , Kenichiro Toda , Hitoshi Saito , Kazuki Nanko , Eriko Ito , Norimasa Takayama , Nobuyuki Tsuzuki , Masayoshi Takahashi , Kazushige Yamaki , Makoto Sano

Although forestry plantations dominate landscapes in many parts of the world, effects of plantation forestry on various ecosystem services (ESs) remain unknown. Here, we modeled 10 forest ESs as functions of forest type (natural forest vs. plantation), stand age, and environmental covariates to systematically evaluate ESs of plantation landscapes in central Japan. Our models showed that although three ESs including biodiversity conservation and amenity service are greatly reduced by replacing natural forests with plantations, other ESs show small changes or even increase when stand age is accounted for. Five ESs increase and four decrease with stand age in both forest types. Model application to the study area in the past 60 years suggested that many ESs were greatly reduced when or immediately after vast plantations were established. Two ESs (biodiversity conservation and amenity service) have not sufficiently recovered despite forests’ reaching maturity. ESs dependent on early-successional stage showed precipitous recent declines. Scenario analysis suggests that increasing timber production while avoiding harvesting steep slopes would not increase landslide susceptibility. Furthermore, restoration of natural forests in flat areas near roads would greatly improve biodiversity conservation and amenity services. Landscape management will determine whether plantations deliver net benefits to current and future generations.



中文翻译:

模拟过去60年及未来大规模人工林对生态系统服务的影响

尽管林业人工林在世界许多地方占据着主导地位,但人工林对各种生态系统服务(ES)的影响仍然未知。在这里,我们根据森林类型(天然林与人工林),林分年龄和环境变量对10个森林ES进行了建模,以系统地评估日本中部人工林景观的ES。我们的模型显示,尽管通过人工林替代天然林大大减少了包括生物多样性保护和便利性服务在内的三个ES,但考虑到林分龄后,其他ES的变化很小甚至有所增加。在两种森林类型中,随着林分龄的增加,增加了5个ES,减少了4个ES。在过去60年中对研究区的模型应用表明,当建立大量人工林时或刚建立后,许多ES都大大减少了。尽管森林已经成熟,但两个生态系统(生物多样性保护和便利服务)仍未得到充分恢复。依赖早期成功阶段的ES近期出现了急剧下降。方案分析表明,增加木材产量同时避免收割陡坡不会增加滑坡敏感性。此外,在道路附近的平坦地区恢复天然林将大大改善生物多样性的保护和便利设施。景观管理将确定人工林是否能为今世后代带来净利益。方案分析表明,增加木材产量同时避免收割陡坡不会增加滑坡敏感性。此外,在道路附近的平坦地区恢复天然林将大大改善生物多样性的保护和便利设施。景观管理将确定人工林是否能为今世后代带来净利益。方案分析表明,增加木材产量同时避免收割陡坡不会增加滑坡敏感性。此外,在道路附近的平坦地区恢复天然林将大大改善生物多样性的保护和便利设施。景观管理将确定人工林是否能为今世后代带来净利益。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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