Abstract:

Ancient rhetorical theorists described figured speech (oratio figurata) as a strategy for expressing criticism safely, through a screen of ambiguity. I argue that Cicero's Pro Balbo can be read as figured, communicating criticism of Pompey. Cicero's panegyric to Pompey in this speech would have appeared to be factually accurate and commendable to pro-Pompeian members of the audience, but factually wrong or even insincere to anti-Pompeians. Multiple readings of Cicero's intentions are latent as possible interpretations of the speech because of political divisions and divergent prejudices at the time of its delivery.

中文翻译：

---

西塞罗（Cicero）专业版Balbo中的听众和形象演讲

摘要：

古代的修辞理论家将虚构演说（oratio figurata）描述为一种通过模棱两可的屏幕安全地表达批评的策略。我认为Cicero的Pro Balbo可以理解为人物，传达了对庞培的批评。西塞罗在本次演讲中对庞培的赞叹词似乎在事实上是准确的，对支持旁遮普语的听众来说是值得称赞的，但实际上对反庞皮戏的人是错误的，甚至是不真诚的。由于演讲时的政治分歧和偏见，对西塞罗意图的多种解读可能是对演讲的可能解释。