Syntactic parsing plays a central role in the interpretation of sentences, but it is unclear to what extent non-native speakers can deploy native-like grammatical knowledge during online comprehension. The current eye-tracking study investigated how Chinese–English bilinguals and native English speakers respond to syntactic category and subcategorization information while reading sentences with object-subject ambiguities. We also obtained measures of English language experience, working memory capacity, and executive function to determine how these cognitive variables influence online parsing. During reading, monolinguals and bilinguals showed similar garden-path effects related to syntactic reanalysis, but native English speakers responded more robustly to verb subcategorization cues. Readers with greater language experience and executive function showed increased sensitivity to verb subcategorization cues, but parsing was not influenced by working memory capacity. These results are consistent with exposure-based accounts of bilingual sentence processing, and they support a link between syntactic processing and domain-general cognitive control.

中文翻译：

---

花园路上的双语者：句法歧义解决的个体差异

句法解析在句子的解释中起着核心作用，但目前还不清楚非母语人士在多大程度上可以在在线理解过程中部署类似母语的语法知识。目前的眼动追踪研究调查了中英双语者和以英语为母语的人在阅读句子时如何响应句法类别和子类别信息客体-主体歧义。我们还获得了英语语言经验、工作记忆能力和执行功能的测量值，以确定这些认知变量如何影响在线解析。在阅读过程中，单语者和双语者表现出相似花园小径效应与句法再分析有关，但以英语为母语的人对动词子分类线索。具有更好语言经验和执行功能的读者对动词子分类线索的敏感性增加，但解析不受工作记忆容量的影响。这些结果与基于暴露的双语句子处理描述一致，并且它们支持句法处理和域一般认知控制之间的联系。