The Covid-19 pandemic that entered our lives suddenly in 2020 compelled higher education systems throughout the world to transfer to online learning, including online evaluation. A severe problem of online evaluation is that it enables various technological possibilities that facilitate students' unethical behaviors. The research aimed to investigate these behaviors, as well as the reasons for their appearance, as practiced in exams held for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic, and to elicit students' and lecturers' perceptions of students' academic dishonesty (AD) during this period. The sample included 81 students and 50 lecturers from several Israeli colleges and universities. The findings expand extant knowledge on academic dishonesty, identifying significant differences between the perceptions of students and lecturers concerning attitudes towards online exams and the reasons for dishonest behaviors. The findings among the students also indicate that younger students and Arab students tended to cheat more in online exams. Moreover, the findings indicated a lack of mutual trust between students and lecturers with regard to academic dishonesty, a deep distrust that will probably continue even after the Covid-19 crisis. This last finding should be a cause of concern for higher education policy-makers, affecting future policies for improving lecturer-student relations, especially during crises. Recommendations are proposed for addressing academic dishonesty in exams in general and during the pandemic in particular.

2020 年突然进入我们生活的 Covid-19 大流行迫使世界各地的高等教育系统转向在线学习，包括在线评估。在线评估的一个严重问题是它提供了各种技术可能性，助长了学生的不道德行为。该研究旨在调查 Covid-19 大流行期间首次举行的考试中出现的这些行为及其出现的原因，并引发学生和讲师对学生学术不诚实 (AD) 的看法在这段时期。样本包括来自几所以色列学院和大学的 81 名学生和 50 名讲师。调查结果扩展了关于学术不诚实的现有知识，确定学生和讲师对在线考试的态度和不诚实行为的原因的看法之间的显着差异。学生中的调查结果还表明，年轻学生和阿拉伯学生倾向于在在线考试中作弊更多。此外，调查结果表明，学生和讲师之间在学术不诚实方面缺乏相互信任，即使在 Covid-19 危机之后，这种深深的不信任也可能会持续下去。最后一个发现应该引起高等教育决策者的关注，影响未来改善师生关系的政策，尤其是在危机期间。提出了一些建议，以解决考试中的学术不诚实问题，特别是在大流行期间。