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Amino acid δ13C and δ15N analyses reveal distinct species-specific patterns of trophic plasticity in a marine symbiosis
Limnology and Oceanography ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 , DOI: 10.1002/lno.11742
Christopher B Wall 1, 2 , Natalie J Wallsgrove 3 , Ruth D Gates 1 , Brian N Popp 3
Affiliation  

Compound-specific isotope analyses (CSIA) and multivariate “isotope fingerprinting” track biosynthetic sources and reveal trophic interactions in food webs. However, CSIA have not been widely applied in the study of marine symbioses. Here, we exposed a reef coral (Montipora capitata) in symbiosis with Symbiodiniaceae algae to experimental treatments (autotrophy, mixotrophy, heterotrophy) to test for trophic shifts and amino acid (AA) sources using paired bulk (δ13C, δ15N) and AA-CSIA (δ13CAA, δ15NAA). Treatments did not influence carbon or nitrogen trophic proxies, thereby not supporting nutritional plasticity. Instead, hosts and symbionts consistently overlapped in essential- and nonessential-δ13CAA (11 of 13 amino acids) and trophic- and source-δ15NAA values (9 of 13 amino acids). Host and symbiont trophic-δ15NAA values positively correlated with a plankton end-member, indicative of trophic connections and dietary sources for trophic-AA nitrogen. However, mass balance of AA-trophic positions (TPGlx–Phe) revealed heterotrophic influences to be highly variable (1–41% heterotrophy). Linear discriminant analysis using M. capitata mean-normalized essential-δ13CAA with previously published values (Pocillopora meandrina) showed similar nutrition isotope fingerprints (Symbiodiniaceae vs. plankton) but revealed species-specific trophic strategies. Montipora capitata and Symbiodiniaceae shared identical AA-fingerprints, whereas P. meandrina was assigned to either symbiont or plankton nutrition. Thus, M. capitata was 100% reliant on symbionts for essential-δ13CAA and demonstrated autotrophic fidelity and contrasts with trophic plasticity reported in P. meandrina. While M. capitata AA may originate from host and/or symbiont biosynthesis, AA carbon is Symbiodiniaceae-derived. Together, AA-CSIA/isotope fingerprinting advances the study of coral trophic plasticity and are powerful tools in the study of marine symbioses.

中文翻译:

氨基酸δ13C和δ15N分析揭示了海洋共生中营养可塑性的不同物种特异性模式

化合物特异性同位素分析(CSIA)和多元“同位素指纹图谱”追踪生物合成来源并揭示食物网中的营养相互作用。但是,CSIA尚未广泛应用于海洋共生体的研究。在这里,我们露出的礁珊瑚(蔷薇实蝇)共生与Symbiodiniaceae藻类到实验处理(自养,mixotrophy,异养),以测试用于营养移和使用成对散装氨基酸(AA)来源(δ 13 C,δ 15 N)和AA-CSIA(δ 13 C ^ AA,δ 15 ñ AA)。处理不影响碳或氮的营养代理,因此不支持营养可塑性。相反,主机和共生一致重叠在essential-和非必需-δ 13 Ç AA(13 11个氨基酸)和trophic-和源-δ 15个Ñ AA值(13个氨基酸9)。主机和共生体营养-δ 15 Ñ AA值与浮游生物端部件,表示营养连接和膳食来源为营养-AA氮的正相关。但是,AA营养位置(TP Glx–Phe)的质量平衡表明,异养影响是高度可变的(1-41%的异养)。使用人分枝杆菌的线性判别分析均归必要δ 13 C ^ AA与先前公布值(鹿角meandrina)显示出类似的营养同位素指纹(Symbiodiniaceae与浮游生物),但透露具体物种的营养策略。Montipora capitata和Symbiodiniaceae拥有相同的AA指纹,而P. meandrina被指定为共生或浮游生物营养。因此,M.实蝇是在共生体为必要δ100%依赖13 Ç AA和证明自养保真度和对比度与营养可塑性报道在P. meandrina。当M. capitataAA可能起源于宿主和/或共生生物的合成,而AA碳则是共生双歧杆菌的来源。一起,AA-CSIA /同位素指纹图谱促进了珊瑚营养可塑性的研究,是研究海洋共生体的有力工具。
更新日期:2021-05-20
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