Abstract

A questionnaire was designed to investigate the psychologies and behaviors of crowds under special events such as fires, heavy crowd flows, and explosions. Five hundred and fifty-five valid questionnaires were gathered and the information obtained was statistically analyzed. Based on a logistic model, the study analyzed the influence of gender, age, occupation, level of education, and degree of safety knowledge regarding crowd evacuation behavior. The correlation between the characteristics of the crowd and the reactions of the crowd based on evacuation psychologies and behaviors under special events was determined using the chi-square test. The results led to the following conclusions. First, gender, age, level of education, and degree of safety knowledge are significantly correlated with the psychological and behavioral responses of crowds. Second, though most crowds experience fear during a special event due to their lack of experience in coping with such an occurrence, males remain calmer than females during such events. Finally, the greater the degree of safety knowledge possessed by those in the crowd, the more reasonable and efficient the evacuation process is likely to be. This study provides data to support subway evacuation research and it promotes the formulation of reasonable and effective emergency evacuation plans.

摘要

设计了一个调查表，以调查在特殊事件（如火灾，大量人群流动和爆炸）下人群的心理和行为。收集了555个有效问卷，并对获得的信息进行了统计分析。该研究基于逻辑模型，分析了性别，年龄，职业，受教育程度和安全知识程度对人群疏散行为的影响。使用卡方检验确定在特殊事件下基于疏散心理和行为的人群特征与人群反应之间的相关性。结果得出以下结论。首先，性别，年龄，受教育程度和安全知识程度与人群的心理和行为反应显着相关。其次，尽管大多数人群在特殊事件中由于缺乏应对此类事件的经验而感到恐惧，但在此类事件中，男性比女性保持镇定。最后，人群中的安全知识程度越高，疏散过程可能越合理和有效。该研究提供了支持地铁疏散研究的数据，并促进了合理有效的应急疏散计划的制定。