This paper reviews the structural and group compositions of three winter base diesel fuels and their influence on the low-temperature and lubricating properties of the fuels. It is shown that a high content of saturated hydrocarbons, primarily medium-molecular-mass n-alkanes, and arenes with a higher proportion of substitution worsens the low-temperature properties. A decrease in the proportion of medium-molecular-mass alkanes and even a slight increase in the content of bi- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degrades the lubricating properties of the fuel. The influence of the component composition of the diesel fuels on the effectiveness of anti-wear and depressor-dispersing additives was noted. A study of the compatibility of additives of different functionalities revealed that an anti-wear additive based on tallow-oil fatty acids did not affect the activity of a depressant-dispersing additive while the combined use of these additives slightly worsened the lubricating properties but did not shift this indicator beyond the established standards.

本文综述了三种冬季基础柴油燃料的结构和基团组成，以及它们对燃料的低温和润滑性能的影响。结果表明，高含量的饱和烃，主要是中等分子量的正构烷烃，以及取代基比例较高的芳烃，会使低温性能恶化。中分子量烷烃比例的减少，甚至双环和多环芳烃含量的略微增加都会降低燃料的润滑性能。注意到柴油燃料的成分组成对抗磨和降压剂分散添加剂的有效性的影响。